Abstract

LOPEZ LOPEZ, Adrián et al. Clinal variation of phenotypic and physiological characters in Pinus hartwegii Lindl.for the Zoquiapan Experimental Forest Station, Mexico. Polibotánica [online]. 2023, n.56, pp.61-79.  Epub Sep 18, 2023. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.56.4.

In Mexico, low plant survival rates in reforestations undermine ecological restoration efforts, despite being a key activity in the recovery of habitats, biodiversity or ecosystem services. One of the reasons is the use of unsuitable provenances. This influences resistance to cold and drought, or the speed of growth, so the germplasm used in reforestations should be (if possible) from the same geographical and altitudinal zone or lower altitude than the site to be reforested, to compensate for the effects of climate change and increase the probability of success in the establishment of individuals. The objectives of the work focused on determining the variation that exists among provenances for phenotypic traits of cones, seeds and needles, on identifying whether this is due to an environmental cline, and on delimiting provisional zones for germplasm supply. Sampling was carried out in eight natural provenances of Pinus hartwegii, originated every 50 m of altitudinal difference, along an altitudinal transect (from 3265 m to 3650 m), in the hill "El Papayo", Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico, Mexico. Variation among provenances and their altitudinal pattern was analyzed. Of the characteristics analyzed (seed length and width, cone length and aculeus length, germination capacity and speed), only seed length (p = 0.0058) and germination capacity (p < 0.0001) indicated differences between provenances. The altitudinal distribution pattern was quadratic for seed length (p = 0.0144 and r2 = 0.88) and germination capacity (p = 0.0456 and r2 = 0.7865). Two zones were delimited for germplasm supply and movement with widths of 200 m altitude and 1 ºC mean annual temperature. An increase in mean annual temperature of 2.3 ºC was estimated for the year 2060 with an RCP of 6.0 and an upward altitudinal movement of the populations of 400 m to compensate for it. Finally, guidelines for germplasm movement within and between zones with and without considering climate change are suggested.

Keywords : Zonation; climate change; germplasm movement; plant survival.

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