Transition from quantum to classical behavior for some simple model systems
D. Schuch a and M. Moshinsky b
Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 México D.F., México.
a Permanent Address: Institut für Theoretische Physik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Robert-Mayer-Str. 8-10, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
b Member of El Colegio Nacional and Sistema Nacional de Investigadores.
]]>Recibido el 7 de julio de 2005.
Aceptado el 12 de agosto de 2005.
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the question of why typical quantum mechanical properties, such as those connected with the superposition of states or diffraction patterns for material systems, are not observed on the classical macroscopic level. By discussing two simple model problems connected via the free-particle propagator, we show under what circumstances typical quantum effects that show up in these systems can attain significant magnitudes so as to have a chance to be observable. The influence of the interaction with a dissipative environment will also be considered, and the time scale where the effects reach their maximum and how they decay afterwards will be discussed. Furthermore, a comparison with recent scattering experiments will be given.
Keywords: Transition from quantum to classical behavior.
Resumen
Hay actualmente interés en el problema de por que propiedades típicas de mecánica cuántica, tales como las conectadas con la superposición de estados o esquemas de difracción para sistemas de materiales, no se observan en el nivel macroscópico clásico. Discutiendo dos modelos simples de problemas conectados por el propagador de partícula libre, mostramos bajo qué circunstancias efectos cuánticos típicos que surgen en esos sistemas pueden alcanzar magnitudes significativas que dan la posibilidad de ser observables. La influencia de la interacción con un entorno disipativo será también considerada y la escala de tiempo donde los efectos toman su valor máximo y como decaen posteriormente también será discutida. Además la comparación con experimentos recientes de dispersión será analizada.
]]> Descriptores: Transición del comportamiento clásico al cuántico.
PACS: 03.65.Bz
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Acknowledgement
Both authors would like to express their gratitude to CONACYT project 40527-F, which made possible the visit of the first author to Mexico.
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