<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232014000300006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Extensions to K-Medoids with Balance Restrictions over the Cardinality of the Partitions]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernábe-Loranca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivares-Benítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Vanoye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Facultad de Ciencias de la Computación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puebla Pue.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puebla Pue.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Carmen Ciudad del Carmen  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Campeche]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>396</fpage>
<lpage>408</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232014000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232014000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232014000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The zones design occurs when small areas or basic geographic units (BGU) must be grouped into acceptable zones under the requirements imposed by the case study. These requirements can be the generation of intra-connected and/or compact zones or with the same amount of habitants, clients, communication means, public services, etc. In this second point to design a territory, the selection and adaptation of a clustering method capable of generating compact groups while keeping balance in the number of objects that form each group is required. The classic partitioning stands out (also known as classification by partition among the clustering or classification methods [1]). Its properties are very useful to create compact groups. An interesting property of the classification by partitions resides in its capability to group different kinds of data. When working with geographical data, such as the BGU, the partitioning around medoids algorithms have given satisfactory results when the instances are small and only the objective of distances minimization is optimized. In the presence of additional restrictions, the K-medoids algorithms, present weaknesses in regard to the optimality and feasibility of the solutions. In this work we expose 2 variants of partitioning around medoids for geographical data with balance restrictions over the number of objects within each group keeping the optimality and feasibility of the solution. The first algorithm considers the ideas of k-meoids and extends it with a recursive constructive function to find balanced solutions. The second algorithm searches for solutions taking into account a balance between compactness and the cardinality of the groups (multiobjective). Different tests are presented for different numbers of groups and they are compared with some results obtained with Lagrange Relaxation. This kind of grouping is needed to solve aggregation for Territorial Design problems]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El diseño de zonas ocurre cuando pequeñas áreas o unidades geográficas básicas (UGB) deben ser agrupadas en zonas que resulten aceptables según los requerimientos impuestos por el problema estudiado. Estos requerimientos pueden ser la generación de zonas conexas y/o compactas o con la misma cantidad de habitantes, clientes, medios de comunicación, servicios públicos, etcétera. En este punto, es exigido para el diseño de un territorio, la selección y adaptación de un método de agrupamiento que genere grupos compactos satisfaciendo también balanceo en el número de objetos que integran los grupos. Dentro de los métodos de agrupamiento o clasificación, destaca el particionamiento clásico (llamado también clasificación por particiones [1]). Sus propiedades son muy útiles en la creación de grupos compactos. Un aspecto importante de la clasificación por particiones reside en su capacidad para agrupar distintos tipos de datos. Si de datos geográficos se trata, como lo son las UGB, los algoritms particionales alrededor de los medoides han dado resultados satisfactorios cuando las instancias son pequeñas y solo el objetivo de minimización de distancias es optimizado. En presencia de restricciones adicionales, los algoritmos K medoides, presentan debilidades en la optimalidad y factibilidad de la solución. En este trabajo exponemos 2 variantes de particionamiento sobre medoides para datos geográficos con restricciones de balanceo en el número de objetos que forman los grupos manteniendo optimalidad y factibilidad. El primer algoritmo considera los principios de k-medoides y lo extiende con una función recursiva y constructiva para encontrar solucione balanceadas. El segundo algoritmo se ocupa en la búsqueda de soluciones considerando un esquema de equilibrio entre compacidad y balanceo (multiobjectivo). Se presentan distintas pruebas para el tamaño de los grupos y se comparan con algunos resultados obtenidos por Relajación Lagranjeana. Este tipo de agrupamiento se hace necesario en la resolución de agregación con homogeneidad en la cardinalidad de los grupos para problemas de Diseño de Territorio.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cardinality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[grouping]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[k-medoids]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Extensions to K&#45;Medoids with Balance Restrictions over the Cardinality of the Partitions</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>B. Bern&aacute;be&#45;Loranca*<sup>1</sup>, R. Gonz&aacute;lez&#45;Vel&aacute;zquez<sup>2</sup>, E. Olivares&#45;Ben&iacute;tez<sup>3</sup>, J. Ruiz&#45;Vanoye<sup>4</sup> and J. Mart&iacute;nez&#45;Flores<sup>5</sup></b></font></p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup>, <sup>2</sup> Facultad de Ciencias de la Computaci&oacute;n, Benem&eacute;rita Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Puebla BUAP, Puebla, Pue., M&eacute;xico.</i> *<a href="mailto:beatriz.bernabe@gmail.com">beatriz.bernabe@gmail.com</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>3</sup>,&nbsp;<sup>5</sup> Universidad Popular Aut&oacute;noma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>4</sup>&nbsp;Universidad Aut&oacute;noma del Carmen Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The zones design occurs when small areas or basic geographic units (BGU) must be grouped into acceptable zones under the requirements imposed by the case study. These requirements can be the generation of intra&#45;connected and/or compact zones or with the same amount of habitants, clients, communication means, public services, etc. In this second point to design a territory, the selection and adaptation of a clustering method capable of generating compact groups while keeping balance in the number of objects that form each group is required.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The classic partitioning stands out (also known as classification by partition among the clustering or classification methods &#91;1&#93;). Its properties are very useful to create compact groups.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">An interesting property of the classification by partitions resides in its capability to group different kinds of data. When working with geographical data, such as the BGU, the partitioning around medoids algorithms have given satisfactory results when the instances are small and only the objective of distances minimization is optimized. In the presence of additional restrictions, the K&#45;medoids algorithms, present weaknesses in regard to the optimality and feasibility of the solutions.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this work we expose 2 variants of partitioning around medoids for geographical data with balance restrictions over the number of objects within each group keeping the optimality and feasibility of the solution. The first algorithm considers the ideas of k&#45;meoids and extends it with a recursive constructive function to find balanced solutions. The second algorithm searches for solutions taking into account a balance between compactness and the cardinality of the groups (multiobjective). Different tests are presented for different numbers of groups and they are compared with some results obtained with Lagrange Relaxation. This kind of grouping is needed to solve aggregation for Territorial Design problems</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Cardinality, grouping, k&#45;medoids.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El dise&ntilde;o de zonas ocurre cuando peque&ntilde;as &aacute;reas o unidades geogr&aacute;ficas b&aacute;sicas (UGB) deben ser agrupadas en zonas que resulten aceptables seg&uacute;n los requerimientos impuestos por el problema estudiado. Estos requerimientos pueden ser la generaci&oacute;n de zonas conexas y/o compactas o con la misma cantidad de habitantes, clientes, medios de comunicaci&oacute;n, servicios p&uacute;blicos, etc&eacute;tera. En este punto, es exigido para el dise&ntilde;o de un territorio, la selecci&oacute;n y adaptaci&oacute;n de un m&eacute;todo de agrupamiento que genere grupos compactos satisfaciendo tambi&eacute;n balanceo en el n&uacute;mero de objetos que integran los grupos.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Dentro de los m&eacute;todos de agrupamiento o clasificaci&oacute;n, destaca el particionamiento cl&aacute;sico (llamado tambi&eacute;n clasificaci&oacute;n por particiones &#91;1&#93;). Sus propiedades son muy &uacute;tiles en la creaci&oacute;n de grupos compactos.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Un aspecto importante de la clasificaci&oacute;n por particiones reside en su capacidad para agrupar distintos tipos de datos. Si de datos geogr&aacute;ficos se trata, como lo son las UGB, los algoritms particionales alrededor de los medoides han dado resultados satisfactorios cuando las instancias son peque&ntilde;as y solo el objetivo de minimizaci&oacute;n de distancias es optimizado. En presencia de restricciones adicionales, los algoritmos K medoides, presentan debilidades en la optimalidad y factibilidad de la soluci&oacute;n.</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo exponemos 2 variantes de particionamiento sobre medoides para datos geogr&aacute;ficos con restricciones de balanceo en el n&uacute;mero de objetos que forman los grupos manteniendo optimalidad y factibilidad. El primer algoritmo considera los principios de k&#45;medoides y lo extiende con una funci&oacute;n recursiva y constructiva para encontrar solucione balanceadas. El segundo algoritmo se ocupa en la b&uacute;squeda de soluciones considerando un esquema de equilibrio entre compacidad y balanceo (multiobjectivo). Se presentan distintas pruebas para el tama&ntilde;o de los grupos y se comparan con algunos resultados obtenidos por Relajaci&oacute;n Lagranjeana. Este tipo de agrupamiento se hace necesario en la resoluci&oacute;n de agregaci&oacute;n con homogeneidad en la cardinalidad de los grupos para problemas de Dise&ntilde;o de Territorio.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jart/v12n3/v12n3a6.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>References</i></b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93;&nbsp;E. 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