<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462010000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reducing the Experiments Required to Assess the Performance of Metaheuristic]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reducción de los Experimentos Requeridos para Evaluar el Desempeño de Algoritmos Metaheurísticos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraire Huacuja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Joaquín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazos Rangel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo Abraham]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castilla Valdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>44</fpage>
<lpage>53</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462010000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462010000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462010000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[When assessing experimentally the performance of metaheuristic algorithms on a set of hard instances of an NP-complete problem, the required time to carry out the experimentation can be very large. A means to reduce the needed effort is to incorporate variance reduction techniques in the computational experiments. For the incorporartion of these techniques, the traditional approaches propose methods which depend on the technique, the problem and the metaheuristic algorithm used. In this work we develop general-purpose methods, which allow incorporating techniques of variance reduction, independently of the problem and of the metaheuristic algorithm used. To validate the feasibility of the approach, a general-purpose method is described which allows incorporating the antithetic variables technique in computational experiments with randomized metaheuristic algorithms. Experimental evidence shows that the proposed method yields a variance reduction of the random outputs in 78% and that the method has the capacity of simultaneously reducing the variance of several random outputs of the algorithms tested. The overall reduction levels reached on the instances used in the test cases lie in the range from 14% to 55%.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Cuando se evalúa el desempeño de algoritmos metaheurísticos, con un conjunto de instancias difíciles de un problema NP-completo, el tiempo requerido para realizar la experimentación puede ser muy grande. Una forma de reducir el esfuerzo necesario es incorporar técnicas de reducción de la varianza en los experimentos computacionales. Para incorporar dichas técnicas, los enfoques tradicionales proponen métodos que dependen de la técnica, del problema y del algoritmo usado. En este trabajo se propone desarrollar métodos de propósito general, los cuales permitan incorporar técnicas de reducción de la varianza, independientemente del problema y del algoritmo metaheurístico usado. Para validar la factibilidad del enfoque, se describe un método de propósito general, el cual permite incorporar la técnica de variables antitéticas en experimentos computacionales con algoritmos metaheurísticos aleatorizados. La evidencia experimental muestra que el método propuesto produce una reducción de la varianza de las salidas aleatorias en un 78% de las instancias consideradas y que el método tiene la capacidad de reducir simultáneamente la varianza de varias salidas aleatorias de los algoritmos probados. Los niveles globales de reducción alcanzados con las instancias usadas en los casos de prueba van del 14% al 55%.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Experimental algorithm analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[variance reduction techniques and metaheuristic algorithms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis experimental de algoritmos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[técnicas de reducción de la varianza y algoritmos metaheurísticos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Art&iacute;culos</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Reducing the Experiments Required to Assess the Performance of Metaheuristic</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b><i>Reducci&oacute;n de los Experimentos Requeridos para Evaluar el Desempe&ntilde;o de Algoritmos Metaheur&iacute;sticos</i></b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>H&eacute;ctor Joaqu&iacute;n Fraire Huacuja, Rodolfo Abraham Pazos Rangel, Juan Javier Gonz&aacute;lez Barbosa, Laura Cruz Reyes, Guadalupe Castilla Valdez, and Jos&eacute; A. Mart&iacute;nez Flores</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico de Ciudad Madero,</i> <a href="mailto:hfraire@prodigy.net.mx">hfraire@prodigy.net.mx</a>;<sup> </sup><a href="mailto:r_pazos_r@yahoo.com.mx">r_pazos_r@yahoo.com.mx</a>; <a href="mailto:jjgonzalezbarbosa@hotmail.com">jjgonzalezbarbosa@hotmail.com</a>; <a href="mailto:lcruzreyes@prodigy.net.mx">lcruzreyes@prodigy.net.mx</a>; <a href="mailto:gpe_cas@yahoo.com.mx">gpe_cas@yahoo.com.mx</a>;<sup> </sup><a href="mailto:jmtz05@yahoo.com.mx">jmtz05@yahoo.com.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Article received on July 31, 2008    <br>   Accepted on February 17, 2009</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">When assessing experimentally the performance of metaheuristic algorithms on a set of hard instances of an NP&#150;complete problem, the required time to carry out the experimentation can be very large. A means to reduce the needed effort is to incorporate variance reduction techniques in the computational experiments. For the incorporartion of these techniques, the traditional approaches propose methods which depend on the technique, the problem and the metaheuristic algorithm used. In this work we develop general&#150;purpose methods, which allow incorporating techniques of variance reduction, independently of the problem and of the metaheuristic algorithm used. To validate the feasibility of the approach, a general&#150;purpose method is described which allows incorporating the antithetic variables technique in computational experiments with randomized metaheuristic algorithms. Experimental evidence shows that the proposed method yields a variance reduction of the random outputs in 78% and that the method has the capacity of simultaneously reducing the variance of several random outputs of the algorithms tested. The overall reduction levels reached on the instances used in the test cases lie in the range from 14% to 55%.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Experimental algorithm analysis, variance reduction techniques and metaheuristic algorithms.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Cuando se eval&uacute;a el desempe&ntilde;o de algoritmos metaheur&iacute;sticos, con un conjunto de instancias dif&iacute;ciles de un problema NP&#150;completo, el tiempo requerido para realizar la experimentaci&oacute;n puede ser muy grande. Una forma de reducir el esfuerzo necesario es incorporar t&eacute;cnicas de reducci&oacute;n de la varianza en los experimentos computacionales. Para incorporar dichas t&eacute;cnicas, los enfoques tradicionales proponen m&eacute;todos que dependen de la t&eacute;cnica, del problema y del algoritmo usado. En este trabajo se propone desarrollar m&eacute;todos de prop&oacute;sito general, los cuales permitan incorporar t&eacute;cnicas de reducci&oacute;n de la varianza, independientemente del problema y del algoritmo metaheur&iacute;stico usado. Para validar la factibilidad del enfoque, se describe un m&eacute;todo de prop&oacute;sito general, el cual permite incorporar la t&eacute;cnica de variables antit&eacute;ticas en experimentos computacionales con algoritmos metaheur&iacute;sticos aleatorizados. La evidencia experimental muestra que el m&eacute;todo propuesto produce una reducci&oacute;n de la varianza de las salidas aleatorias en un 78% de las instancias consideradas y que el m&eacute;todo tiene la capacidad de reducir simult&aacute;neamente la varianza de varias salidas aleatorias de los algoritmos probados. Los niveles globales de reducci&oacute;n alcanzados con las instancias usadas en los casos de prueba van del 14% al 55%.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave: </b>An&aacute;lisis experimental de algoritmos, t&eacute;cnicas de reducci&oacute;n de la varianza y algoritmos metaheur&iacute;sticos.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v14n1/v14n1a5.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. <b>Blum, C., &amp; Roli, A. (2003). </b>Metaheuristics in Combinatorial Optimization: Overview and Conceptual Comparison. <i>ACM Computing, 35 </i>(3), 268&#150;308.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2050139&pid=S1405-5546201000030000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. <b>Brito, J., Campos, C., Garc&iacute;a, F., Garc&iacute;a, M., Meli&aacute;n, B. Moreno, J. &amp; Moreno, M. (2004), </b>Metaheuristicas: una revisi&oacute;n actualizada (informe t&eacute;cnico, no. 2/2004. Espa&ntilde;a: Universidad de la Laguna, Departamento de Estad&iacute;stica, Investigaci&oacute;n Operativa y Computaci&oacute;n.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2050141&pid=S1405-5546201000030000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. <b>Espriella, F. K. (2008). </b>Optimizaci&oacute;n Mediante Algoritmos Gen&eacute;ticos: Aplicaci&oacute;n a la Laminaci&oacute;n en Caliente. <i>Tesis de maestr&iacute;a, </i>Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Altamira, Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2050143&pid=S1405-5546201000030000500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
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<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
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