<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-249X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. Mex. Chem. Soc]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-249X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Química de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-249X2008000200008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Porometry Studies of the Polysulfone Membranes on Addition of Poly(ethylene Glycol) in Gelation Bath During Preparation]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yogesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Javiya]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattacharya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute Reverse Osmosis Discipline]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bhavnagar Gujarat]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>140</fpage>
<lpage>144</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-249X2008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-249X2008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-249X2008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Polysulfone membranes are prepared through phase separation technique, introduced by Loeb-Sourirajan. The viscous polymer solution (in dimethyl formamide) is first spread into the thin film, and then immersed in gelation medium (water). The influence of polymeric additive, (poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)) in the formation of the pores during phase separation in gelation bath (i.e. from the polymer poor phase, which appears at the phase separation) is explored. The effects of different molecular weight (Mw) of PEG in the gelation bath regarding the differential filter flows of nitrogen as well as their concentration are reflected from the porometry studies. The pore distribution is shifted as the molecular weight of PEG used in the gelation bath. The bubble point and mean flow pore diameters vary with the concentration as well as their molecular weight of PEG.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se prepararon membranas de polisulfona mediante la técnica de separación de fase, introducida por Loeb-Sourirajan. La solución del polímero viscoso (en dimetilformamida) se esparce dentro de la película delgada, y se sigue por una inmersión en el medio de gelación (agua). Se explora la influencia del aditivo polimérico (poli(etilénglicol) (PEG)) en la formación de los poros durante la fase de separación en el baño de gelación (desde la fase escasa en polímero, la cual aparece en la separación de fases). De los estudios de porometría, se observan los efectos en las diferencias en peso molecular del PEG en el baño de gelación sobre los flujos diferenciales de nitrógeno así como de la concentración. La distribución de poros se desplaza de acuerdo con el peso molecular del PEG empleado en el baño de gelación. El punto de burbujeo y la media en los diámetros de los poros de flujo varían en función de la concentración y del peso molecular del PEG.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Membrane]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[poly(ethylene glycol)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wet phase inversion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gelation bath]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pore diameter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Membrana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[poli(etilénglicol)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inversión de la fase húmeda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[baño de gelación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diámetro de poro]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Article</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Porometry Studies of the Polysulfone Membranes on Addition of Poly(ethylene Glycol) in Gelation Bath During Preparation</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>S. Javiya, Yogesh, S. Gupta, K. Singh, and A. Bhattacharya<sup>*</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Reverse Osmosis Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. <sup>*</sup>Responsible author:</i> <a href="mailto:bhattacharyaamit1@rediffmail.com">bhattacharyaamit1@rediffmail.com</a>.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 24 de enero de 2008    <br>   Aceptado el 19 de mayo de 2008</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Polysulfone membranes are prepared through phase separation technique, introduced by Loeb&#150;Sourirajan. The viscous polymer solution (in dimethyl formamide) is first spread into the thin film, and then immersed in gelation medium (water). The influence of polymeric additive, (poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)) in the formation of the pores during phase separation in gelation bath (i.e. from the polymer poor phase, which appears at the phase separation) is explored. The effects of different molecular weight (Mw) of PEG in the gelation bath regarding the differential filter flows of nitrogen as well as their concentration are reflected from the porometry studies. The pore distribution is shifted as the molecular weight of PEG used in the gelation bath. The bubble point and mean flow pore diameters vary with the concentration as well as their molecular weight of PEG.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Key words: </b>Membrane, poly(ethylene glycol), wet phase inversion, gelation bath, pore diameter.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se prepararon membranas de polisulfona mediante la t&eacute;cnica de separaci&oacute;n de fase, introducida por Loeb&#150;Sourirajan. La soluci&oacute;n del pol&iacute;mero viscoso (en dimetilformamida) se esparce dentro de la pel&iacute;cula delgada, y se sigue por una inmersi&oacute;n en el medio de gelaci&oacute;n (agua). Se explora la influencia del aditivo polim&eacute;rico (poli(etil&eacute;nglicol) (PEG)) en la formaci&oacute;n de los poros durante la fase de separaci&oacute;n en el ba&ntilde;o de gelaci&oacute;n (desde la fase escasa en pol&iacute;mero, la cual aparece en la separaci&oacute;n de fases). De los estudios de porometr&iacute;a, se observan los efectos en las diferencias en peso molecular del PEG en el ba&ntilde;o de gelaci&oacute;n sobre los flujos diferenciales de nitr&oacute;geno as&iacute; como de la concentraci&oacute;n. La distribuci&oacute;n de poros se desplaza de acuerdo con el peso molecular del PEG empleado en el ba&ntilde;o de gelaci&oacute;n. El punto de burbujeo y la media en los di&aacute;metros de los poros de flujo var&iacute;an en funci&oacute;n de la concentraci&oacute;n y del peso molecular del PEG.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave: </b>Membrana, poli(etil&eacute;nglicol), inversi&oacute;n de la fase h&uacute;meda, ba&ntilde;o de gelaci&oacute;n, di&aacute;metro de poro.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jmcs/v52n2/v52n2a8.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. Altinkaya, S.A. <i>Desalination </i><b>2006, </b><i>199, </i>459&#150;460.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904289&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. Strathmann, H.; Dock, K. <i>Desalination </i><b>1977, </b>21, 241&#150;255.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904291&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. Strathmann, H.; Kock, K.; Amar, P.; Baker, R. W. <i>Desalination </i><b>1975, </b><i>16, </i>179&#150;203.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904293&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. Young, T. H.; Chen, L&#150;W. <i>J. Memb. Sci. </i><b>1993, </b><i>83, </i>153&#150;166.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904295&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. Kang, Y. S.; Kim, H. J.; Kim, U. Y. <i>J. Memb. Sci. </i><b>1991, </b><i>60, </i>219&#150;232.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904297&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. Matsuyama, H.; Nishiguchi, M.; Kitamura, Y. <i>J. Appl. Polym. Sci. </i><b>2000, </b>77, 776&#150;783.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904299&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. Kim, J. H.; Lee, K. H, <i>J. Memb. Sci. </i><b>1998, </b>138, 153&#150;163.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904301&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. Idris, A.; Zain, N. M.; Noordin, M. Y. <i>Desalination </i><b>2007, </b>207, 324&#150;339.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904303&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. Zhao, Y. H.; Zhu, B. K.; Ma, X. T.; Xu, Y.Y. <i>J. Membr. Sci. </i><b>2007, </b><i>290, </i>222&#150;229.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904305&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">10. Chung, W. Y.; Young, T. H.; Chin, W. Y.; Lin, C. Y. <i>Polymer </i><b>2000, </b><i>41, </i>5633&#150;5641.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904307&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">11. Yeow, M. L.; Liu, Y.; Li, K. <i>J. Memb. Sci. </i><b>2005, </b>258, 16&#150;22.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904309&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">12. Proceedings of International conference Filtration, Jena, A. K.; Gupta, K. M. Chicago, INDA. <b>1999, </b>99.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904311&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">13. Matsuura, T. <i>Desalination </i><b>2001, </b>134, 47&#150;54.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904313&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">14. Singh, K.; Bhattacharya, A. <i>J. Ind. Chem. Soc. </i><b>2006, </b>83, 201&#150;204.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904315&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">15. Gohil, J. M.; Bhattacharya, A.; Ray, P. <i>J. Surf. Sc. Tech. </i><b>2004, </b>20, 1&#150;7.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904317&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">16. Tanny, G. B. <i>J. Appl. Polym. Sci. </i><b>1974, </b>18, 2149&#150;2163.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4904319&pid=S1870-249X200800020000800016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altinkaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desalination]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>199</volume>
<page-range>459-460</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strathmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desalination]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>241-255</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strathmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desalination]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>179-203</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L-W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Memb. Sci.]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>153-166</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Memb. Sci.]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>219-232</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishiguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kitamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Polym. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>776-783</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Memb. Sci.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>138</volume>
<page-range>153-163</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Idris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noordin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desalination]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>207</volume>
<page-range>324-339</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Membr. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>290</volume>
<page-range>222-229</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Polymer]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>5633-5641</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Memb. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>258</volume>
<page-range>16-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Proceedings of International conference Filtration]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desalination]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>134</volume>
<page-range>47-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattacharya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Ind. Chem. Soc.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>201-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gohil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattacharya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Surf. Sc. Tech.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Polym. Sci.]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>2149-2163</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
