<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2006000900022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Wavelet analysis for upscaling of two dimensional permeability fields]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela Facultad de Ingeniería Escuela de Geología, Minas y Geofísica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Física]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>76</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000900022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000900022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000900022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We use a multiresolution analysis based on a wavelet transform to upscale two-dimensional heterogeneous permeability fields. Results are compared with conventional averaging upscaling schemes using arithmetic, geometric and harmonic averaging. It is found that the wavelet analysis is able to preserve the fine scale heterogeneous features with the increase of the coarse scale size significantly better than the averaging methods, while preserving information required for downsizing the properties of the system.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presenta un esquema para el escalamiento de un campo de permeabilidad bidimensional heterogéneo basado en un método de análisis de multiresolución con transformada de ondícula. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con los encontrados con esquemas convencionales de promedios aritméticos, geométricos y armónicos. Se encuentra que el análisis de ondícula es capaz de preservar las heterogeneidades a medida que se aumenta el tamaño de la escala, mucho mejor que los métodos de promediación, preservando al mismo tiempo la información necesaria para la reconstrucción de la permeabilidad a escala fina.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Wavelet transform]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[upscaling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[permeability field]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heterogeneity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Transformada de ondículas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escalamiento campo de permeabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[heterogeneidad]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">F&iacute;sica del Petr&oacute;lero</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Wavelet analysis for upscaling of two dimensional permeability fields</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>R. M&aacute;rquez* and M. Araujo**</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>* Escuela de Geolog&iacute;a, Minas y Geof&iacute;sica, Facultad de Ingenier&iacute;a, Universidad Central de Venezuela, e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:rbma27@hotmail.com">rbma27@hotmail.com</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>** Escuela de F&iacute;sica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:maraujoxx@cantv.net" target="_blank">maraujoxx@cantv.net</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 24 de noviembre de 2003    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   Aceptado el 17 de agosto de 2004</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We use a multiresolution analysis based on a wavelet transform to upscale two&#150;dimensional heterogeneous permeability fields. Results are compared with conventional averaging upscaling schemes using arithmetic, geometric and harmonic averaging. It is found that the wavelet analysis is able to preserve the fine scale heterogeneous features with the increase of the coarse scale size significantly better than the averaging methods, while preserving information required for downsizing the properties of the system.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Wavelet transform; upscaling; permeability field; heterogeneity.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se presenta un esquema para el escalamiento de un campo de permeabilidad bidimensional heterog&eacute;neo basado en un m&eacute;todo de an&aacute;lisis de multiresoluci&oacute;n con transformada de ond&iacute;cula. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con los encontrados con esquemas convencionales de promedios aritm&eacute;ticos, geom&eacute;tricos y arm&oacute;nicos. Se encuentra que el an&aacute;lisis de ond&iacute;cula es capaz de preservar las heterogeneidades a medida que se aumenta el tama&ntilde;o de la escala, mucho mejor que los m&eacute;todos de promediaci&oacute;n, preservando al mismo tiempo la informaci&oacute;n necesaria para la reconstrucci&oacute;n de la permeabilidad a escala fina.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Transformada de ond&iacute;culas; escalamiento campo de permeabilidad; heterogeneidad.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 02.90+p; 05.10Gg; 89.75.Da</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v52s3/v52s3a22.pdf">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The authors would like to thank PDVSA Intevep and Fonacit for supporting this research work.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. M. Sahimi, <i>Flow and Transport in Porous Media. </i>VCH Publishers. (1995) 482.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8326099&pid=S0035-001X200600090002200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. B. Jacob, <i>Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media. </i>VCH Publishers (1995).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8326100&pid=S0035-001X200600090002200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. C.K. Chui, <i>An Introduction to Wavelets, </i>(Academic Press, Texas, 1992) p. 1267.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8326101&pid=S0035-001X200600090002200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. Craig Jr. and F. Forrest, <i>Aspectos de Ingenier&iacute;a de la Inyacci&oacute;n de Agua </i>(Sociedad de Ingenieros, Petroleros de AIME, Monograf&iacute;a Vol. 3, Dallas, 1982) p. 132.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8326102&pid=S0035-001X200600090002200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. L. Howard, R. Resnikoff, and Wells Jr., <i>Wavelets Analysis </i>(Springer, New York, 1998) p. 435.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8326103&pid=S0035-001X200600090002200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. F.E. Jansen,  Saga Petroleum ASA, and M.G. Kelkar,  The University of Tulsa.: <i>Upscaling of reservoir properties using wavelets. </i>SPE 39495 (1998) p.23.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8326104&pid=S0035-001X200600090002200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. S. Mallat, <i>IEEE Trans. On Pattern Anal and Mach Intel. </i><b>11</b> (1989) 674.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8326105&pid=S0035-001X200600090002200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. Lu, Pengbo, Horne, and N. Roland, <i>"A Multiresolution approach to reservoir parameter estimation using waveletanalysis," </i>SPE 62985, (2000) p. 1.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8326106&pid=S0035-001X200600090002200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
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