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Agricultura, sociedad y desarrollo

Print version ISSN 1870-5472

agric. soc. desarro vol.12 n.4 Texcoco Oct./Dec. 2015

 

Book review

Juárez, José Pedro, y Ramírez-Valverde, Benito (coords). 2013. Turismo en Espacios Indígenas. Una oportunidad para el desarrollo territorial rural. Editorial Altres Costa Amic y Colegio de Postgraduados. ISBN-9786078154395. 293 p.

Julio C. González-Morales1 

1El Colegio de Tlaxcala A.C. México (juliocesarus@gmail.com)

Juárez, José Pedro; Ramírez-Valverde, Benito. 2013. Turismo en Espacios Indígenas. Una oportunidad para el desarrollo territorial rural. Altres Costa Amic, Colegio de Postgraduados, ISBN: 9786078154395. 293p.

Reviewing a book can be something pleasant, as long as the material reviewed has certain attributes that make it interesting, enjoyable and, especially, fruitful. This is the case of "Tourism in indigenous spaces", which also has the virtue of being timely.

The book offers: case studies, evidences, experiences, doubts, reflection, criticism, analysis, proposals, and bibliography. These are ten results of research, relatively independent, well-structured, united by an axis of significant thought which, in the midst of the total catastrophe we are experiencing, leads us to delve into one question: What are the real perspectives of community-based tourism, carried out in indigenous spaces, or others, as an alternative to the definitive prostitution of ancestral cultures, the destruction of natural treasures where they reside, or as a solution -or at least relief- for the hunger and poverty that enfolds them and exterminates them?

Despite the uncertainty of the circumstances, researches embrace the hypothesis that not only is there perspectives, but that they represent one of the few paths left to explore. Therefore, doing so is well worth. We are facing a subject of understanding, alive, that is always incomplete and insufficient, as any result of this type, but which contributes to filling a space of knowledge full of needs and scarcity. All the parts contribute something, from the brief presentation to the considerable bibliography, maps, tables and references.

The first chapter brings us to the status of research in the field, and it does this by using epistemological tools and theories of great value.

The rest of the chapters show us enrichening nuances of the problem, based on results from research in various cases from different places and conditions. The critical analysis of the issue gains intensity, until reaching Chapter Eight, "Ecotourism: Between green business and conservation", characterized by a direct discourse that calls issues by their real names.

The closing is in charge of two pieces that offer solid and important theoretical reflections, with bold proposals for intervention which also demand an empirical demonstration.

Thus, the coordinators achieve a balanced product that is apt for academic use and which suggests and motivates, a result that is in itself appreciated.

It is well worth highlighting the most significant achievements that I find.

The conceptual fabric proposed helps to order the study of a complex theme, presenting us with a diversity of epistemological, theoretical and methodological approaches in an organized manner, and allowing the construction of maps which helps set destinations for future research.

The pages account for and convince about the need to change views and assume actions that give continuity to the search for alternatives to escape the historical traps in which humanity has fallen, and their regrettable consequences.

Tourism, as a massive social phenomenon is a product of capitalism. Its peak has been due to its unilateral approach as a business that generates profit, which far from being used to mitigate the generalized poverty has served to feed the ambition of only a few power groups that rule the world today, particularly in the southern regions of the planet.

It shows, therefore, especially the traditional tourism, an exploitative and predatory essence that has deepened inequalities and increased problems, contributing to placing the world quite close to its self-destruction.

The surge and promotion of so-called ecotourism or ecological tourism has been an "honest" proposal to this state of affairs by the global community, which again has been manipulated by hegemonic groups, owners of transport, lodging, resources and information technologies, used to prostitute ecology and continue reproducing the phenomenon of traditional tourism, now dressed in green, but reinstating its essence and elitist mechanisms.

The book helps to make us aware of this problematic and offers, although faintly, some strategies for solutions that the academic community should interpret and assume consequently.

Perhaps its main virtue consists in devoting its pages to doing justice, in a certain manner, for a human group that has become one of the most representative victims in history.

Therefore, its orientation towards human beings places an accent precisely in the part of humanity that has suffered and continues to suffer the terrible strength, the cruelest attributes, of the capitalist systems since its colonizing origins until its current globalizing and neoliberal manifestations.

The defense of rights of indigenous peoples and the search for community-based and sustainable solutions to their dramatic situations is a latent intention directly or indirectly present in all the book's chapters.

They often mention that human beings are the main cause of the current ecological disaster. This is an irrefutable truth. We positively know that if all humans were to disappear from the face of the earth for some reason, all the other forms of life would not take long to reproduce and recover.

However, not all human groups have had the same level of responsibility in the holocaust. The powerful, hegemonic groups that concentrate economic, political and ideological power have been the main cause of the disaster and the ones that continue to obstruct the steps towards recuperation.

The book shows the capabilities of America's native groups to maintain an amicable relationship with nature, and to extract the necessary resources for their life without damaging them or jeopardizing them for the future. Thus, for example, it is shown that... "the indigenous monte system integrates this rational use of natural resources, and the preservation of traditional practices that make up its culture".

In a more detailed order of affairs, the compilation proposes many theses of great value, among which the following should not be overlooked:

  • The plurality of epistemological orientations present in the research of the themes and the need to transit towards more critical and participative approaches, through the approach of action research.

  • The importance of what was named as the subjective dimension of tourism, based on considering the value of what is intangible in the activity.

  • The emphasis on local actors at the community level as protagonists of the transformations that community tourism should and can take on.

  • The continuity of studies that elucidate more profoundly tourism relationships with Natural Protected Areas and the biosphere reserve.

  • The need to continue researching and testing new forms of alternative tourism that: contribute to the conservation of natural and cultural resources; favor local endogenous development; serve as a stop to the intervention of developed countries in the exploitation of wealth from our peoples.

Finally, I can sum up by saying that the book shows attributes that highlight its importance, current relevance and broad contextualization. All of them are virtues that allow us to recommend its use in teaching and research on the topic.

Thus, the book closes a cycle of inquiry that is left open, taking the reader to a higher state of understanding about the problematic, something that inspires and nurtures.

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