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Revista odontológica mexicana
Print version ISSN 1870-199X
Rev. Odont. Mex vol.11 n.1 Ciudad de México Mar. 2007
https://doi.org/10.22201/fo.1870199xp.2007.11.1.15885
Trabajos originales
Alteraciones de la mucosa bucal en una población cautiva de México
Prisoners alterations of the oral mucosa in Mexico
* Especialista en Patología Bucal. Cirujana Dentista adscrita al Departamento de Dermatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”. México, D.F.
§ Especialista en Patología Bucal. Profesor Titular de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Intercontinental y Escuela de Odontología, Universidad Latinoamericana. México, D.F.
II Profesor Titular. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. México, D.F.
¶ Director de Investigación. Centro Nacional para la Prevención y Control del SIDA. México, D.F.
Objetivo
Establecer la prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa bucal en una población cautiva e investigar la asociación de las lesiones bucales con el antecedente de uso de drogas psicoactivas.
Metodología
Estudio transversal y analítico realizado de octubre de 1999 a diciembre de 2004, en el que se efectuaron exámenes de la cavidad bucal, un cuestionario sobre historia de uso de drogas y serología para detección del VIH en prisioneros. El diagnóstico de las lesiones bucales se estableció conforme a criterios clínicos preestablecidos. Se evaluó: la higiene bucal, la presencia de aparatología protésica, bordes cortantes, historia de alteraciones de la mucosa bucal, hábito tabáquico y alcohólico, fármacos, alteraciones sistémicas, estado serológico al VIH, prácticas sexuales y antecedente de uso de drogas. Se emplearon las pruebas de χ2, la exacta de Fisher y se realizó análisis multivariado. Se construyeron razones de momios e intervalos de confianza al 95%.
Resultados
Se examinaron 54 sujetos (91% varones), con una edad mediana de 27 (intervalo 16-60) años. Un total de 39/52 (75%) sujetos mencionaron el antecedente de consumo de droga. Se detectaron lesiones bucales en el 94% de los sujetos; siendo las más comunes la hiperpigmentación melánica y las cicatrices. Se observó mayor frecuencia de lesiones pigmentadas entre usuarios de marihuana (p = 0.03) y de cicatrices entre aquellos que emplean ansiolíticos (p = 0.04); así como una menor prevalencia de la condición de Fordyce entre usuarios de heroína pura (p = 0.04), independientemente de factores de confusión.
Conclusión
Los sujetos en prisión mostraron una frecuencia elevada de alteraciones de la mucosa bucal. Se observaron asociaciones estrechas entre algunas entidades bucales y el antecedente de uso de ciertas drogas.
Palabras clave: Drogas; lesiones bucales; prisión
Objectives
To establish the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in a captive population, and to find out the association between oral lesions and history of psychoactive drug use.
Methods
Cross-sectional study, performed from October 1999 through December 2004, based on examination of the mouth of prison inmates. The diagnosis of mouth lesions was made according to pre-established clinical criteria. Data related to epidemiological and clinical aspects such as mouth hygiene, use of prosthesis, cutting edges, history of alterations in the oral mucosa, use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs, systemic illnesses, serologic HIV status, sexual practices, and history of psychoactive drug use, were all assessed. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, χ2 and Fisher’s exact test were used, also a multivariate analysis was performed.
Results
Fifty-four subjects (91% male) were studied; median age, 27 years old (range 16-60). A total of 39/52 (75%) had history of psychoactive drug use. Mouth lesions were found in 94% of subjects; the most common being melanotic hyperpigmentation and scars. A higher frequency of melanosis was encountered in marihuana users (p = 0.03); also scars (p = 0.01) were more frequent among anxiolytic users (p = 0.04) than in those using other drugs. In contrast, the lowest prevalence of Fordyce’s disease was encountered among users of heroin alone (p = 0.04), regardless of confounding factors.
Conclusions
In our study, prison subjects showed a high frequency of oral mucosa lesions. A close association was found between certain mouth conditions and history of use of some psychoactive drugs.
Keywords: Drugs; mouth diseases; oral mucosa; prison
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