Biotecnología

 

Influencia de cultivos fúngicos en ensayos ruminales in vitro de diferentes sustratos

 

Influence of fungal cultures on in vitro ruminal assays with diferent substrates

 

R.G. Campos–Montiel^1,2*, D.J. Pimentel–González¹, A.D. Hernández–Fuentes¹, R.H. Alfaro–Rodríguez¹ y G. Viniegra–González²

 

¹ ClCyTA, ICAP, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km. 1, Rancho Universitario, 43600, Tulancingo, Hgo., México.

² Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana lztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186. Col Vicentina, 09340, México, D. F., México.* Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: rcampos@uaeh.reduaeh.mx Tel. (771) 71 7 20 00, ext. 4641; Fax: (771) 71 7 20 000

 

Recibido 6 de Junio 2008
Aceptado 10 de Septiembre 2008

 

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de los cultivos fúngicos sobre la desaparición de materia seca en ensayos ruminales in vitro. Se experimentaron con cultivos de Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum y Penicillium sp, y nueve sustratos divididos ricos en fibra, almidón y proteína. Se obtuvieron perfiles enzimáticos de celulasas, amilasas y proteasas. Los resultados mostraron que todos los cultivos fúngicos fueron diferentes (P<0.05) con respecto al control (sin adición de cultivo fúngico) en todos los sustratos en el ensayo in vitro. No se observaron correlaciones entre las actividades enzimáticas y el incremento de desaparición de materia seca. En los contrastes ortogonales, los Aspergillus tuvieron mayor influencia (P<0.001) que otros géneros fúngicos en los sustratos ricos en fibra y proteína. En los sustratos ricos en almidón no se observaron diferencias (P>0.05) entre los cultivos, aunque sólo dos cultivos de Aspergillus presentaron amilasas. Los resultados sugieren que no se puede atribuir el incremento de desaparición de materia seca por la adición de los cultivos fúngicos únicamente a las actividades enzimáticas, sino que están involucrados otros mecanismos y que el efecto depende del tipo de sustrato más que del tipo de cultivo fúngico.

Palabras clave: desaparición de materia seca; ensayo ruminal in vitro; cultivos fúngicos; actividad enzimática.

 

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of fungal cultures on the disappearance of dry matter on in vitro ruminal assays. The cultures used were Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium spp., and nine substrates divided in rich in fiber, starch and protein. Cellulose, amylase and protease profiles were obtained. Results showed that all of the cultures were different (P<0.05) in comparison with the control (without added fungal culture) in the in vitro assays with all the substrates. No correlations were observed between the enzymatic activities and the increase in the disappearance of dry matter. In the orthogonal contrasts, the Aspergillus genre had a higher influence (P<0.001) than the other fungal genre in the substrates rich in fiber and protein. In the substrates rich in starch non–significant differences (P>0.05) were observed among the cultures, although only two Aspergillus cultures included amylases. The results suggest that the increase in the disappearance of dry matter cannot be attributed to the addition of fungal cultures only the enzymatic activity, but those other mechanisms are involved, and that the effect is more substrate dependent and not of fungal culture type.

Keywords: disappearance of dry matter; in vitro ruminal assay; fungal cultures; enzymatic activity.

 

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