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Política y gobierno

versão impressa ISSN 1665-2037

Polít. gob vol.13 no.1 Ciudad de México Jan./Jun. 2006

 

Artículos

Qué es la izquierda y quién está a la derecha en la política mexicana. Un enfoque con el método Q al estudio de las etiquetas ideológicas

Elizabeth Zechmeister1 

1 Profesora asistente en la Universidad de California, Davis, UC-Davis, Department of Political Science, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, Estados Unidos. Correo electrónico: ejzech@ucdavis.edu.


Resumen:

En este artículo se investiga el significado político de los términos izquierda y derecha en dos grupos escogidos del electorado mexicano en 2001 y 2004. Se extienden trabajos previos y se propone que los significados asignados a estas etiquetas deberán: a) referirse a asuntos de valor general para la sociedad (valence issue), b) reflejar la retórica de la elite política, y c) variar según simpatías partidarias y niveles de sofisticación política. Se analiza esta hipótesis a partir de un conjunto de análisis factoriales aplicados a datos provenientes de estudios Q-sort. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la hipótesis y poseen importantes implicaciones: a) sugieren líneas latentes y activas de competencia en estepas, b) revelan los significados asignados por la ciudadana a las etiquetas ideológicas, y c) indican como la conducta de la elite y las propias características individuales de los votantes condicionan dichos significados.

Palabras clave: izquierda; derecha; ideología; metodología Q

Abstract:

Investigate the political significance of the left-right semantics within and across two selected groups of Mexican citizens in 2001 and 2004. Extending extant works, I argue that meanings assigned to these labels should: a) reference valence issues, in addition to political actors and policy stances, b) reflect elite rhetoric, and c) vary by partisan sympathies and political sophistication. These expectations are tested using factor-analyzed data from a set of Q-sort studies. The results support the expectations and have important implications for: a) what they suggest about latent and active lines of competition in this country, and b) what they reveal about the meanings assigned to ideological labels and the ways in which elite behavior and individual characteristics condition these meanings.

Keywords: left; right; ideology; Q methodology

Texto completo disponible solo en PDF.

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Recibido: Junio de 2005; Aprobado: Septiembre de 2005

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