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Política y gobierno

Print version ISSN 1665-2037

Polít. gob vol.13 n.1 Ciudad de México Jan./Jun. 2006

 

Artículos

Globalización, tipo de régimen político y gasto social en países de ingresos medios, 1980-1999

Globalization, Political Regime Type, and Social Spending in Middle Income Countries, 1980-1999

Michelle Dion1 

1 Profesora de Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology. Estados Unidos. Correo electrónico: mdion@gatech.edu.


Resumen:

Discusiones recientes sugieren que la globalización económica puede arrastrar a los estados hacia una pérdida de autónoma decisoria o hacia un nuevo compromiso de distribuir beneficios sociales a sus ciudadanos. Los estudios comparados, sin embargo, sugieren que el tipo de régimen político es un factor determinante de la política social. Un análisis de gastos en educación, salud pública y protección social en una muestra de 39 pases en desarrollo entre el año 1980 y 1999 demuestra que diversas dimensiones de la integración económica están asociadas con ajustes en el gasto social, los cuales están en parte mediados por el tipo de régimen político. La creciente integración comercial conduce a una mayor inversión en capital humano, especialmente en regímenes autoritarios, pero reduce gastos en la protección social en comparación con las democracias.

Palabras clave: globalización; gasto social; tipo de régimen; políticas públicas; capital humano

Abstract:

Current debates suggest that economic globalization can either lead to a race to the bottomin which states lose their policy making autonomy or to a renewed commitment by the state to provide social benefits to its citizens. Comparative research on policy reform,however, suggests that political regime type is an important determinant of social policy.An analysis of education, health and social protection spending in a sample of 39 middleincome countries between 1980 and 1999 demonstrates that different dimensions of economicintegration are associated with adjustments to social spending, which are in partmediated by political regime type. Increased trade integration leads to more investmentin human capital, especially in authoritarian regimes, but reduces expenditures on socialprotection in comparison to democracies.

Keywords: globalization; social spending; regime type; policy making; human capital

Texto completo disponible solo en PDF.

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Recibido: Noviembre de 2004; Aprobado: Octubre de 2005

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