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Agrociencia

On-line version ISSN 2521-9766Print version ISSN 1405-3195

Agrociencia vol.52 n.8 Texcoco Nov./Dec. 2018

 

Wildlife

A faunistic inventory of the family Evaniidae (Hymenoptera: Evanoidea) in the states of Yucatán and Quintana Roo, Mexico

Dianely J. García-Andrade1 

Emilio R. Morales-Maldonado2  * 

Dámaris L. Ojeda-Barrios3 

Juan L. Jaboco-Cuellar3 

1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Campus de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera. Mérida-Xmatkuil Km 15.5, Apdo. postal 4-116, Itzimná, Mérida, Yucatán, México.

2Ingeniería en Innovación Agrícola Sustentable. Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Huichapan. Domicilio conocido, el Saucillo s/n. Huichapan, Hidalgo, México.

3Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas. Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Escorza 900. Col. Centro. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México.

Abstract

In the world catalogue of Evaniidae, 435 species are recognized distributed in 20 genera. In Mexico, 14 species are registered distributed in four genera: Evania, Evaniella, Hyptia and Semaeomyia. The distribution records of Evaniidae include the states of Baja California Sur, Tabasco, Morelos and Veracruz. The objective of the present study was to make a faunistic inventory of the family Evaniidae in the states of Yucatán and Quintana Roo. The Evaniidae were collected with a Townes type Malaise trap. The sampling was carried out from 1993 to 1999 and 2006 to 2009, and the material was obtained from the traps every 15 d in 19 localities of Yucatán: Celestún, Conkal, Dzibilchaltún, Dzilam de Bravo, El Cuyo, El Palmar, Tabi, Kabah, Yalahau, Mérida, Mocochá, Put, Quintana Roo, Rancho Hobonil, Ría Lagartos, Sudzal Chico, Teya Pueblo, Tizimín, Xmatkuil, and two of Quintana Roo: Reserva El Edén y Vallehermoso.1,601 specimens of Evaniidae were collected, which were distributed in four genera (Evania, Evaniella, Hyptia, Semaeomyia) and 11 morphospecies. These specimens belong to a species close to Evania albofacialis Cameron, and they were obtained from four taxa of Hyptia reticulata of which the following were determined: H. ocellaria (Schletterer) and H. petiolata (Fabricius), plus two morphospecies related to Semaeomyia Bradley, 1908. The majority of species collected exhibited wide distribution in the states of Yucatán and Quintana Roo.

Keywords: wasps; insects; predators; diversity; Yucatán; Mexico

Resumen

En el catálogo mundial de Evaniidae se reconocen 435 especies distribuidas en 20 géneros. En México están registradas 14 especies distribuidas en cuatro géneros: Evania, Evaniella, Hyptia y Semaeomyia. Los registros de distribución de Evaniidae incluyen a los estados de Baja California Sur, Tabasco, Morelos y Veracruz. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un inventario faunístico de la familia Evaniidae en los estados de Yucatán y Quintana Roo. Los Evaniidae se recolectaron con una trampa Malaise tipo Townes. El muestreo se realizó de 1993 a 1999 y 2006 a 2009, el material se obtuvo de las trampas cada 15 días en 19 localidades de Yucatán: Celestún, Conkal, Dzibilchaltún, Dzilam de Bravo, El Cuyo, El Palmar, Tabi, Kabah, Yalahau, Mérida, Mocochá, Put, Quintana Roo, Rancho Hobonil, Ría Lagartos, Sudzal Chico, Teya Pueblo, Tizimín, Xmatkuil y dos de Quintana Roo: Reserva El Edén y Vallehermoso. Se colectaron 1,601 especímenes de Evaniidae distribuidos en cuatro géneros (Evania, Evaniella, Hyptia, Semaeomyia) y 11 morfoespecies. Se determinó lo siguiente: los especímenes pertenecen a una especie cercana a Evania albofacialis Cameron, se obtuvieron de cuatro taxa de Hyptia reticulata de los cuales se determinaron: H. ocellaria (Schletterer) y H. petiolata (Fabricius) y dos morfoespecies relacionadas con Semaeomyia Bradley, 1908. La mayoría de los especímenes recolectados exhibieron distribución amplia en los estados de Yucatán y Quintana Roo.

Palabras clave: avispas; insectos; depredadores; diversidad; Yucatán; México

Introduction

The wasps Evaniidae are predators of oothecas of cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattaria) (Mullens et al., 2012) and the adults can be observed on flowers, stems and litter (Mungall et al., 2010; Arancio et al., 2014). In some cases, the prey species is unknown (Kawada, 2011), which complicates the comprehension of the ecological function and potential biological control.

The knowledge of Evaniidae is limited (Balhoff et al., 2013) and most of the information of the family comes from the Nearctic and Palearctic regions (Mullins et al., 2012). In the world catalogue, 435 species are recognized, distributed in 20 genera (Deans, 2005; Balhoff et al., 2013) and for the Neotropical region 150 species are registered, mostly from Central and South America, included in the genera Decevania Huben, Evania Fabricius, Evaniella Bradley, Evaniscus Szépligeti, Hyptia Illiger, Rothevania Huben and Semaeomyia Bradley. In Mexico 14 species are registered, distributed in the genera Evania, Evaniella, Hyptia and Semaeomyia (Deans, 2005; Pérez de la Fuente et al., 2012). However, the records of the country come from isolated reports and foreign entomological collections.

The distribution records of Evaniidae in Mexico include the states of Baja California Sur with Hyptia fuchi (Ashmead), Guerrero with Evaniella oreas (Kieffer), Tabasco with Evaniella rufosparsa (Kieffer) and Semaeomyia flaviscapa (Kieffer), (Townes, 1972; Deans, 2005), Morelos with Hyptia oblonga (Townes) and Veracruz with Evaniella flagellata (Schletterer), Evaniella psilopsis (Kieffer), Evaniella robusta (Schletterer), and Hyptia ocellaria (Schletterer). The species Evania fascialis (Spinola), Evaniella ferruginea (Kieffer), Hyptia reticulata (Say) and Semaeomyia azteka (Schletterer) are cited in the country, but without clear data of distribution or flight periods (Deans, 2005).

Due to the fact that the records of the Evaniidae family are scant, it is necessary to update the faunistic inventory, because it serves to understand the ecological function and potential biological control. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to update the faunistic inventory of the Evaniidae family in the states of Yucatán and Quintana Roo, Mexico.

Materials and methods

The species collected in this faunistic inventory were taxonomically determined by Dr. Andrew Deans in the 2012 (Director of the Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology) using the genera key of Deans and Huben (2003) and the key of nearctic species (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2012), due to the fact that as yet there are no keys for neotropical species.

The Evaniidae were collected in 19 localities of the state of Yucatán and two localities of Quintana Roo, and in the center of each site a Townes type Malaise trap was placed. The collection period was from 1993 to 1999 and from 2006 to 2009 from March to September, and the material was obtained from the traps every 15 d (Table 1, Figure 1). The collections were made by the biologist Dianely Jaqueline García Andrade. The material was deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Autonomous University of Yucatán, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.

Table 1 Geographic location of the localities of the states of Yucatán and Quintana Roo, Mexico, sampled between 1993-1999 and 2006-2009. 

Estado Localidad Ubicación geográfica Tipo de vegetación
Yucatán 1. Celestún 20° 51’ 33” N y 90° 24’ 00’’ O Duna costera y subacuática
2. Conkal 21° 02’ 08” N y 89° 29’ 35’’ O Selva baja caducifolia
3. Dzibilchaltún 21° 05’ 50” N y 89° 35’ 57’’ O Selva baja caducifolia
4. Dzilam de Bravo 21° 23’ 33” N y 88° 53’ 29’’ O Selva baja caducifolia y manglar
5. El Cuyo 21° 30’ 57” N y 87° 40’ 42’’ O Xerófila
6. El Palmar 36° 14' 00” N y 06° 04’ 00’’ O Manglar, selva baja caducifolia, duna costera
7. Tabi 20° 35’ 55” N y 88° 53’ 57’’ O Selva baja caducifolia
8. Kabah 20° 14’ 12” N y 89° 39’ 34’’ O Selva mediana decidua
9. Yalahau 21° 30’ 00” N y 87° 15’ 00’’ O Selva baja caducifolia y Selva baja inundable
10. Mérida 20° 58’ 04” N y 89° 37’ 18’’ O Decidua tropical y selva espinosa
11. Mocochá 21° 06’ 20” N y 89° 27’ 05’’ O Selva baja caducifolia
12. Put 19° 18’ 27” N y 89° 08' 52'' O Selva mediana subperenifolia
13. Quintana Roo 19° 36’ 00” N y 87° 55’ 00’’ O Selva alta, media, baja, duna costera y manglar
14.Rancho Hobonil 34° 07’ 24” N y 117° 34’ 46’’ O Selva mediana subcaducifolia
15. Ría Lagartos 21° 35’ 51” N y 88° 09’ 28’’ O Selva baja caducifolia, dunas costeras, manglares, petenes
16. Sudzal Chico 20° 52’ 11” N y 88° 59’ 18’’ O Selva alta perenifolia
17. Teya Pueblo 21° 02’ 56” N y 89° 04’ 24’’ O Selva baja caducifolia
18. Tizimín 21° 08’ 33” N y 88° 09’ 53’’ O Selva mediana subcaducifolia
19. Xmatkuil 20° 51’ 41” N y 89° 37’ 28’’ O Selva baja caducifolia
Quintana Roo 1. Reserva El Edén 21° 13’ 00” N y 87º 11' 00’’ O Selva mediana semidecidua
2. Vallehermoso 19° 11’ 08” N y 88° 31’ 28’’ O Selva mediana

Figure 1 Location map of the localities of the state of Yucatán (1-19) and of the state of Quintana Roo (A and B), México, sampled between 1993-1999 and 2006-2009. 

Results and discussion

1601 specimens of Evaniidae were collected from 19 localities of the states of Yucatán and two localities of the state of Quintana Roo distributed in four genera and 11 morphospecies. The following was determined: the revised material belongs to a species close to Evania albofacialis Cameron; four taxa were obtained of Hyptia reticulata, of which two were determined: H. ocellaria (Schletterer) and H. petiolata (Fabricius); two morphospecies were found related to Semaeomyia Bradley, 1908. Evania Fabricius 1775.

The genus is distributed throughout the world and consists of 67 species for South America, Africa, Europe, Australia and North America. In Mexico, only E. fascialis has been registered, although without data of locality (Deans, 2005). The revised material belongs to a species close to E. albofacialis Cameron. Evania (ca.) albofacialis Cameron 1887. Quintana Roo: Reserva El Edén, 1♂27-28/VII/1995, Conkal, Yucatán: El Cuyo, 1♀, Sacboh, 3/VI/2008; 1♂, Sacboh, 14/VII/2008; 2♀, Sacboh, 28/VIII/2008; 1♀ and 1♂. 22/X/2008; 1♂, 21/1/2009; 1♀ and 1♂, 18/III/2009; 1♂, 29/iv/2009; 1♂, 27/V/2009; 1♂, 22/VII/2009; Mérida, 2♀, 10/XI/1993; Ría Lagartos, 1♀ and 2♂, Km. 6, Núcleo 2, 29/IV/2009; Tabi, 1♀, 1/VIII/2006; Yalahau, 1♀, 11/V/2006.

Host: unknown.

Evaniella Bradley, 1905.

74 species are recognized (+1 fossil), with distribution principally in Central and South America. Deans (2005) identified for Mexico seven species: E. ferruginea, E. flagellata, E. maximiliani, E. oreas, E. psilopsis, E. robusta and E. rufosparsa. In this study four species present in the collection were determined.

Evaniella n. sp. 1. Yucatán: 1♀, Celestún, 4/XII/1995; 8 ♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 3/VI/2008, Sacboh, 17/VI/2008, 4♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, 14/ VII/2008, 2♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 14/VI/2008,1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 14/VII/2008,1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/IX/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 29/IV/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 13/V/2009, 3♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 27/V/2009,1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 10/VI/2009, 3♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 24/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 24/VI/2009, 1♀; Quintana Roo, Vallehermoso, Rancho 3, 20/VII/1993, 4♀. Quintana Roo, Vallehermoso Rancho 3, 19-20/VII/1993, 1♀; Quintana Roo, Vallehermoso Rancho 3, 20/VII/1993, 4♀; Quintana Roo, Vallehermoso Rancho 3, 21/VII/1993, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, 8/ VII/1996, 3♀; Petén; Xmatkuil, 5-15/VII/1996, 1♀; Xmatkuil, 21-28/IV/1997, 2♀.

Host: Unknown.

Evaniella n. sp. 2.

Yucatán: Celestún, 6/IX/1995, 2♀; Celestún, 17/VII/1996, 2♀; Dzibilchaltún, 3/V/2006, 2♀; Dzilam, 5/I/2006, 1♀; Dzilam, 28/VII/2006, 1♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 3/VI/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 10/IX/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 18/III/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, 1♀, Cementerio, 29/4/2009; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 10/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 24/VI/2009,15 ♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 27/VII/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 3/VI/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 1/VII/2008, 3♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 28/ VII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/IX/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 10/XI/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 23/XII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 4/III/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 10/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/ VI/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Km.6, Núcleo, 2/II/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Poste 024, 10/IX/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 3/VI/2008, 32♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 17/VI/2008, 24♀ y 3♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 14/VII/2008, 5♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 12/VIII/2008, 2♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 28/VIII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/IX/2008, 5♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 24/IX/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 22/X/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/XI/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/XII/2008, 7♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 23/XII/2008, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 7/I/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 4/II/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 18/II/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 4/III/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 18/III/2009, 5♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 15/IV/2009, 12♀ y 3♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 29/IV/2009, 10♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 13/V/2009, 13♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 27/V/2009, 15♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/ VI/2009, 20♀ y 4♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 24/VI/2009, 11♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 8/VII/2009, 21♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 22/VII/2009, 16♀ y 4♂; Sacboh, El Cuyo, 27/VII/2009, 7♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 3/ VI/2008, 20♀ y 3♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 28/VIII/2008, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 26/XI/2008, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 10/XII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 23/XII/2008, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 7/I/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 4/II/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 18/II/2009, 4♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 18/III/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 1/IV/2009, 11♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 15/IV/2009, 42♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 29/IV/2009, 25♀ y 3♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 13/V/2009, 39♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 27/V/2009, 55♀ y 8♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 10/VI/2009, 50♀ y 4♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 24/VI/2009, 14♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 8/VII/2009, 16♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 22/VII/2009, 10♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 27/VII/2009,13♀; El Cuyo, 29/IV/2009, 2♀; Hobonil, 10/V/1995, 15♀; Mocochá, 4-11/ XI/1993, 6♀; INIFAB, Palmar, 4/V/2006, 1♀; Palmar, 16/VII/2006, 1♀; Put, 27/V/2007, 1♀.

Host: Unknown.

Evaniella n. sp.3.

Yucatán: El Cuyo, Sacboh, 17/VI/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 17/VI/2008, 1♂; Tabi, 1/VIII/2006, 1♂.

Host: Unknown.

Evaniella n. sp.4.

Yucatán: El Cuyo, Sacboh, 13/V/2009, 1♀; Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 19/VIII/1999, 1♀; Xmatkuil, 12-7/VI/1997, 1♀.

Host: Unknown.

Hyptia Illiger, 1807.

Hyptia is distributed throughout America with 50 descriptive species, of which more than half are registered in Central and South America. Hyptia ocellaria, H. fuchi and H. oblonga was reported in Veracruz, Baja California Sur and Morelos, respectively (Deans, 2005). Hyptia reticulata was identified in the southeast region of the country (Deans et al., 2012). According to the identification carried out in this study, four taxa were obtained, of which two were determined: H. ocellaria (Schletterer) and H. petiolata (Fabricius).

Hyptia (ca.) ocellaria (Schletterer) 1886.

Yucatán: Celestún, 6/IX/1995, 1♀; Celestún, 27/III/1996, 1♀; Celestún, 25/X/1996, 1♀; Celestún, 26/X/1996, 7♀; Dzibilchaltún, 3/V/2006, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 3/VI/2008, 6♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 30/6/2008, 1♂; EL Cuyo, Tekal, 3/ VI/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 17/VI/2008, 1♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 1/VII/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, 1♀, Observatorio, 28/VII/2008; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 28/VII/2008, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 12/VIII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 10/IX/2008, 1♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/IX/2008, 4♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 24/IX/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 8/X/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 23/XII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 18/III/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 18/III/2009, 1♂. El Cuyo, Cementerio, 18/III/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 1/ IV/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 1/IV/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 15/IV/2009, 2♀ y 4♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 15/IV/2009, 1♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 15/IV/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 29/IV/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 29/IV/2009, 4♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 13/V/2009, 3♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 13/V/2009, 3♀ y 3♂; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 27/V/2009, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 27/V/2009, 3♀ y 3♂; El cuyo, Tekal, 27/V/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 10/ VI/2009, 2♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 10/VI/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 10/VI/2009, 1♀ y 3♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/VI/2009, 1♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 10/VI/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/VI/2009, 3♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 24/ VI/2009, 2♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 8/VII/2009, 3♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 22/VII/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 27/VII/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 27/VII/2009, 1♂; Hobonil, 25/IV/1995, 1♀; Hobonil, 25/IV/1995, 1♀; Hobonil, 10/V/1995, 1♂; Mocochá, INIFAB, 4-11/X1/1993, 2♀ y 3♂; Palmar, 4/V/2006, 2♀; Palmar, 4/V/2003, 2♀; Palmar, 16/VII/2006, 1♀; Put, 27/V/2007, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, 30/XI/1995, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, 16/X/1996, 1♀; Manglar, Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 30/VI/2008, 9♀ y 4♂; SI, Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 17/VI/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 17/VI/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 1/VII/2008, 2♀ y 11♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 14/VII/2008, 2♀ y 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 28/VII/2008, 7♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 12/VIII/2008, 2♀ y 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 12/VIII/2008, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 28/VIII/2008, 1♀ y 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 28/VIII/2008, 2♀ y 2♂; Ría lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 10/IX/2008, 12♀ y 12♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 10/IX/2008, 6♀ y 4♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 24/IX/2008, 3♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 24/IX/2008, 1♀ y 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 8/X/2008, 8♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 8/X/2008, 3♀ y 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 26/XI/2008, 3♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 10/XII/2008,1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 10/XII/2008, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 7/I/2009, 1♀ y 3♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 7/I/2009, 3♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 21/I/2009, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 4/ II/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 18/ II/2009, 2♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 4/III/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 4/III/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 18/III/2009, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 18/III/2009, 2♀ y 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 1/IV/2009, 4♀ y 5♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 1/IV/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 15/IV/2009, 2♀ y 7♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 15/IV/2009, 2♀ y 4♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 29/IV/2009, 5♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 29/IV/2009, 1♀ y 3♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 13/V/2009, 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 13/V/2009, 4♀ y 11♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 27/V/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 10/VI/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 24/VI/2009, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 22/VII/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 27/VII/2009, 1♂; Sudzal Chico, 13/VII/1999, 1♀; Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 3/VIII/1999, 1♂; Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 4/VIII/1999, 3♂; Borde Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 2/IX/1999, 1♀ y 1♂; Borde Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 15/IX/1999, 1♀ y 1♂; Borde Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 12/X/1999, 1♀; Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 13/X/1999, 2♀ y 1♂; Borde Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 20/X/1999, 1♀; Milpa, Tizimín, Petentuchá, 1/IX/1995, 1♂; Petén, Xmatkuil, 25-26/V/1995, 1♀ y 1♂; Xmatkuil, 2831/V/1996, 1♀ y 7♂; Xmatkuil, 28-5/VII/1996, 5♂; Xmatkuil, 21-28/IV/1997, 1♂; Xmatkuil, 18-24/VI/1997, 1♀ y 2♂; Yalahau, 11/V/2006, 1♀ y 2♂.

Host: Unknown.

Hyptia (ca.) petiolata Fabricius, 1798.

Yucatán: El Cuyo, Tekal, 17/VI/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 16/VIII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 10/IX/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/IX/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/IX/2008, 4♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 24/IX/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 22/X/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 23/XII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 7/I/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 21/I/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 18/III/2009, 3♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 1/IV/2009, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 15/IV/2009, 4♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 15/IV/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 13/V/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 27/V/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 27/V/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 10/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/VI/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 27/VII/2009, 1♀; Put, 21/IV/2007, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 7/I/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 7/I/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 18/3/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 1/IV/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 1/IV/2009, 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 29/IV/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 13/V/2009, 2♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 10/VI/2009, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 24/VI/2009, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 8/VII/2009, 1♀; SI, Xmatkuil, 12-15/II/1996, undetermined.

Host: Unknown

Hyptia n. sp. 1. Yucatán.

El Cuyo, 1♂, Sacboh, 18/III/2009; El Cuyo, 15/IV/2009, 1♀ y 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 7/I/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km. 6 núcleo 2, 8/VII/2009, 1♂; Xmatkuil, 7-14/X/1996, 1♂; Yalahau, 2/I/2007, 1♂; Yalahau, 24/VII/2006, 1♀.

Host: Unknown.

Hyptia n. sp.2. 2 species are recognized.

Yucatán, El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 21/I/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 15/IV/2009, 1♂; Huésped, Desconocido. Hyptia n. sp. 3. Número de ejemplares: 48. Yucatán. Celestún, 15/III/1996, 1♀; Petén, Celestún, 26/X/1996, 1♀; Petén, Conkal, 7/X/1999, 1♀; Dzibilchaltún, 3/V/2006, 1♀ y 1♂; Dzilam, 15/III/2006, 1♂; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 10/IX/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 10/IX/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/IX/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 17/VI/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 21/I/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 21/I/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 15/IV/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 15/IV/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, 16/V/2006, Punta Mecoh, 1♀; Kabah, 1♀, Put, 21/IV/2007, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, 8/VII/1996, 1♀; Petén, Ría Lagartos, Km.6 Núcleo 2, 1/VII/2008, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km. 6 Núcleo 2, 14/VII/2008, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 12/VIII/2008, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 10/IX/2008, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km.6 Núcleo 2, 10/XI/2008, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km. 6 Núcleo 2, 13/V/2009, 2♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 13/V/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 24/VI/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Km. 6 Núcleo 2, 8/VII/2009, 1♂; Tabi, 17/5/2006, 9♀; 1/VIII/2006, Tabi, 2♀; Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 15/IX/1999, 1♀; Borde Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 13/X/1999, 1♂; Borde Milpa, Xmatkuil, 28-31/V/1996, 1♂; Xmatkuil, 12-17/VI/1996, 1♂; Xmatkuil, 29-4/VIII/1996, 1♀; Xmatkuil, 1017/III/1997, 2♀; Xmatkuil, 21-28/IV/1997, 1♀; Xmatkuil, 18-24/VI/1997, 1♂.

Host: Unknown.

Semaeomyia Bradley, 1908.

The genus consists of 36 species distributed principally in Central and South America, with only a few species in Guyana. In Mexico two species are reported: S. azteka and S. flavicaspa, the latter registered in Tabasco (Deans, 2005). In this study two morphospecies were found.

Semaeomyia sp 1.

Yucatán: Conkal, 8/X/1999, 2♀; El Cuyo, Cementerio, 24/IX/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, 8/X/2008, 1♀, Cementerio; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 3/VI/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 1/VII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 14/VII/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 28/VII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 12/VIII/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/IX/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 8/X/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 4/II/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 27/V/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 3/VI/2008, 5♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 17/VI/2008, 3♀ y 4♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 28/VII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 12/VIII/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 24/IX/2008, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 8/X/2008, 2♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/XII/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 18/II/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 15/IV/2009, 4♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 29/IV/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 13/V/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 27/V/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 24/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 27/VII/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 3/VI/2008, 3♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 17/VI/2008, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 18/III/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 15/IV/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 13/V/2009, 3♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 27/V/2009, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 10/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 24/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 8/VII/2009, 3♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 22/VII/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, 27/VII/2009, 1♀; Put, 27/V/2007, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 14/VII/2008, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km 6 Núcleo 2, 22/X/2008, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 1 /VII/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 12/VIII/2008, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 24/ IX/2008, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 8/IX/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 7/I/2009, 1♀; SI, Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 18/III/2009, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 13/V/2009, 1♂; Tabi, 17/V/2006, 1♀; Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 19/VIII/1999, 1♀; Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 16/IX/1999, 1♀; Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 29/ IX/1999, 1♀; Borde Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 30/IX/1999, 2♀; Teya Pueblo, Km 9, 14/X/1999, 1♂; Xmatkuil, 28-31/V/1996, 1♀; Xmatkuil, 28-5/ VII/1996, 1♀ y 1♂; Xmatkuil, 29-4/VIII/1996, 1♀ y 1♂; Yalahau, 14/I/2006, 1♀ y 1♂.

Host, Unknown.

Semaeomyia sp 2.

Yucatán: Conkal, 7/X/1999, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 12/VIII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 24/IX/2008, 2♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 21/I/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, 15/IV/2009, Punta Mecoh, 4♀ y 1♂, El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 27/V/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Punta Mecoh, 10/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 3/VI/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 17/VI/2008, 2♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 28/VII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/IX/2008, 3♀ y 3♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 24/IX/2008, 2♀ y 7♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 10/XII/2008, 1♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 23/XII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 21/I/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 18/II/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 4/III/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 18/III/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 1/IV/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 15/IV/2009, 8♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 29/IV/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 13/V/2009, 3♀ y 2♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 27/V/2009, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 24/VI/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Sacboh, 27/VII/2009, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 3/VI/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 1/VII/2008, 2♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 14/VII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 28/VIII/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 24/IX/2008, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 8/X/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 26/XI/2008, 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 10/XII/2008, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 23/XII/2008, 2♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 7/I/2009, 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 21/I/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 18/III/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 1/IV/2009, 4♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 15/IV/2009, 7♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 13/V/2009, 1♀; El Cuyo, Tekal, 27/V/2009, 2♀ y 1♂; El Cuyo, Tekal, 22/VII/2009, 1♂; Kabah, 10/I/2006, 1♀; Kabah, 29/VII/2006, 1♂. Quintana Roo, Vallehermoso, Rancho 3, 20/VII/1993, 3♀, Milpa, Ría Lagartos, 30/XI/1995, 1♀; Ría Lagartos, Km. 6, Núcleo 2, 4/II/2009, 2♀; Ría Lagartos, Km.6, Núcleo 2, 1/IV/2009, 1♂; Ría Lagartos, Poste 024, 3/VI/2008, 1♀; Lagartos, Poste 024, 21/I/2009, 2♀; Sudzal Chico, 11/VIII/1999, 2♀; Sudzal Chico, 7/IX/1999, 1♀; Sudzal Chico, 5/X/1999, 1♀; Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 21/VII/1999, 1♀; Borde Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km.9, 22/VII/1999, 1♀; Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 19/VIII/1999, 2♀; Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 2/IX/1999, 1♀; Borde Milpa, Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 3/IX/1999, 2♀; Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 16/IX/1999, 4♀; Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 30/IX/1999, 1♀; Teya Pueblo, Km. 9, 28/X/1999, 3♀; Xmatkuil, 16/IX/1996, 3♀; Yalahau, 14/I/2006, 1♀ y 1♂.

For Mexico, the world catalogue of Evaniidae (Deans, 2005) reports four genera and 14 species without any record of localities in the states of Yucatán and Quintana Roo. There are studies focused on the description of new species of Evaniidae in the world (Deans, 2002; Deans et al., 2004; Elliot, 2005; Kawada and Azevedo, 2007; Deans and Kawada, 2008; Kawada, 2011). However, the instability of the species with respect to its taxonomic position (Deans and Huben, 2003) are aspects that cause problems in the generation of taxonomic keys and difficulty in the determination of the species. In addition, the number of specialists is insufficient, especially in the tropics, where most of the species live (Deans, 2005); particularly in Mexico.

The knowledge of the regional diversity makes it possible to understand biogeographic and ecological aspects linked mainly to the habitats and environmental factors. According to the wealth of the family in the localities, it was observed that most of the species registered in our study presented a wide distribution in the diverse types of vegetation in the states of Yucatán and Quintana Roo that include most of the region (Mabee et al., 2012), which makes them common to most of the collection sites. The geographic proximity may be an important factor in the similarity observed among the fauna of most of the localities. It should be pointed out that the peninsula of Yucatán is a homogenous region in geological terms (Deans et al., 2012), which generates high similarity in the local communities of flora and fauna. This similarity and homogeneity can be seen in some botanical and zoological groups (Manrique et al., 2001; Delfin et al., 2002), and it is likely that the same occurs in the case of Evaniidae. The scant wealth of Evaniidae, compared with other families of parasitoids (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Chalcididae) can be explained due to the fact that they utilize cockroaches as their sole host, which may limit their wealth in this subtropical region, in contrast to other natural enemies that can utilize a great diversity of insects. The Evaniidae are predators of a monophyletic line of cockroaches, with synapomorphic characteristics in mesosoma and metasoma, and this form reflects the size of the oothecas of the cockroaches in which they develop (Mikó et al., 2014). Cockroaches present great wealth in tropical climates (Deans et al., 2012). However, the knowledge of this group in the Neotropics, and especially in Yucatán, is fragmented and incomplete, which limits the comprehension of the wealth of these predators in the state (Pérez de la Fuente et al., 2012).

Conclusions

The present study contributed to the updating of the faunistic inventory of the Evaniidae family of the Yucatán Peninsula. 1,601 specimens of Evaniidae were collected distributed in four genera (Evania, Evaniella, Hyptia, Semaeomyia) and 11 morphospecies. It was determined that the specimens belong to a species close to Evania albofacialis Cameron, and were obtained from four taxa of Hyptia reticulata of which two were determined: H. ocellaria (Schletterer) and H. petiolata (Fabricius) and two morphospecies related to Semaeomyia Bradley, 1908. The majority of the specimens collected exhibited ample distribution in the jungles of Yucatán and Quintana Roo.

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Received: July 2017; Accepted: January 2018

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