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In the article, “Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Center in Mexico City: a Prospective Cohort Study” by Edgar Ortiz-Brizuela, Marco Villanueva-Reza, María F. González-Lara, Karla M. Tamez-Torres, Carla M. Román-Montes, and Bruno A. Díaz-Mejía, et al. (Revista de Investigación Clínica – Clinical and Translational Investigation, 2020; 72:165-177 (https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.20000211), the number of valid observations per covariate is omitted in tables 1-3. New tables with this information are provided. The authors apologize for this omission.
Table 1 Comparison of baseline and presenting characteristics between inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 evaluated at the INCMNSZ (February 26, 2020, to April 11, 2020)
| Characteristics | No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 309) | Inpatients (n = 140) | Outpatients (n = 169) | p-value | |
| Age, median (IQR), years, n = 309 | 43.00 (33.00, 54.00) | 49.00 (39.00, 61.25) | 39.00 (30.00, 49.00) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, female | 183/309 (59.2) | 85/140 (60.7) | 98/169 (58.0) | 0.712 |
| Health care worker | 57/306 (18.6) | 16/140 (11.4) | 41/166 (24.7) | 0.005 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| CCI, median (IQR), n = 309 | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) | < 0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 41/309 (13.3) | 32/140 (22.9) | 9/169 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 61/309 (19.7) | 45/140 (32.1) | 16/169 (9.5) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 9/309 (2.9) | 6/140 (4.3) | 3/169 (1.8) | 0.309* |
| Obesity | 67/169 (39.6) | 50/126 (39.7) | 17/43 (39.5) | 1 |
| Overweight | 67/169 (39.6) | 52/126 (41.3) | 15/43 (34.9) | 0.576 |
| COPD | 3/309 (1.0) | 2/140 (1.4) | 1/169 (0.6) | 0.592* |
| Asthma | 9/309 (2.9) | 2/140 (1.4) | 7/169 (4.1) | 0.191* |
| Immunosuppression | 18/309 (5.8) | 8/140 (5.7) | 10/169 (5.9) | 0.999* |
| Chronic liver disease | 3/309 (1.0) | 2/140 (1.4) | 1/169 (0.6) | 0.592* |
| Smoker (current or former) | 47/309 (15.2) | 25/140 (17.9) | 22/169 (13.0) | 0.264 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Days since symptom onset, median (IQR), n = 306 | 5.00 (2.00, 8.00) | 7.00 (4.00, 9.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 7.00) | < 0.001 |
| Fever | 243/306 (79.4) | 131/140 (93.6) | 112/166 (67.5) | < 0.001 |
| Cough | 262/306 (85.6) | 128/140 (91.4) | 134/166 (80.7) | 0.013 |
| Chest pain | 117/306 (38.2) | 53/140 (37.9) | 64/166 (38.6) | 0.994 |
| Dyspnea | 124/306 (40.5) | 88/140 (62.9) | 36/166 (21.7) | < 0.001 |
| Headache | 246/305 (80.7) | 107/139 (77.0) | 139/166 (83.7) | 0.18 |
| Irritability (%) | 84/301 (27.9) | 34/135 (25.2) | 50/166 (30.1) | 0.412 |
| Diarrhea | 94/306 (30.7) | 48/140 (34.3) | 46/166 (27.7) | 0.264 |
| Vomiting | 30/306 (9.8) | 18/140 (12.9) | 12/166 (7.2) | 0.145 |
| Shaking chills | 182/305 (59.7) | 85/139 (61.2) | 97/166 (58.4) | 0.715 |
| Abdominal pain | 39/306 (12.7) | 16/140 (11.4) | 23/166 (13.9) | 0.644 |
| Myalgia | 222/305 (72.8) | 106/139 (76.3) | 116/166 (69.9) | 0.264 |
| Arthralgia | 199/305 (65.2) | 95/139 (68.3) | 104/166 (62.7) | 0.358 |
| Malaise | 236/306 (77.1) | 118/140 (84.3) | 118/166 (71.1) | 0.009 |
| Rhinorrhea | 126/306 (41.2) | 44/140 (31.4) | 82/166 (49.4) | 0.002 |
| Sore throat | 161/305 (52.8) | 65/139 (46.8) | 96/166 (57.8) | 0.07 |
| Conjunctivitis | 73/306 (23.9) | 25/140 (17.9) | 48/166 (28.9) | 0.033 |
| Anosmia | 22/27 (81.5) | 9/14 (64.3) | 13/13 (100.0) | 0.041* |
| Dysgeusia | 6/9 (66.7) | 5/8 (62.5) | 1/1 (100.0) | 0.999 |
| Dermatosis | 2/22 (9.1) | 2/22 (9.1) | 0/0 () | 0.999* |
| Physical examination | ||||
| Weight, mean (SD), n = 171 | 78.00 (69.00, 88.00) | 78.00 (70.00, 88.00) | 76.00 (68.50, 89.50) | 0.624 |
| Height, mean (SD), n = 169 | 1.65 (0.10) | 1.65 (0.10) | 1.66 (0.09) | 0.524† |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2, n = 169 | 29.00 (25.60, 31.24) | 29.10 (25.60, 31.22) | 27.60 (25.10, 31.61) | 0.309 |
| Body temperature, median (IQR), °C, n = 224 | 37.00 (36.50, 37.82) | 37.20 (36.50, 38.00) | 36.70 (36.20, 37.50) | 0.002 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD), bpm, n = 231 | 97.45 (17.54) | 101.39 (18.26) | 91.38 (14.48) | < 0.001† |
| Respiratory rate, median (IQR), rpm, n = 231 | 20.00 (18.00, 24.00) | 22.00 (20.00, 25.00) | 19.00 (17.00, 21.00) | < 0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation (FiO2 21%), median (IQR), %, n = 222 | 92.00 (88.00, 94.00) | 89.00 (86.00, 92.00) | 94.00 (93.00, 96.00) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial pressure, median (IQR), n = 231 | ||||
| Systolic, mmHg | 122.00 (112.00, 134.00) | 120.00 (110.75, 134.25) | 125.00 (117.00, 133.00) | 0.155 |
| Diastolic, mmHg | 78.00 (70.00, 85.50) | 75.00 (67.00, 81.00) | 80.00 (70.00, 90.00) | 0.002 |
| Mean, mmHg | 92.33 (83.67, 100.33) | 90.50 (83.33, 99.00) | 94.67 (86.67, 104.33) | 0.006 |
BMI: body mass index; bpm: beats per minute; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; INCMNSZ: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; IQR: interquartile range; rpm: breaths per minute.
*Fisher’s exact test.
†Unpaired Student’s t-test.
Table 2 Comparison of baseline and presenting characteristics of inpatients with COVID-19 according to their requirement of intensive care at the INCMNSZ (February 26, 2020, to April 11, 2020)
| Characteristics | No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ICU (n = 29) | non-ICU (n = 111) | p-value | |
| Age, median (IQR), years, n = 140 | 53.00 (40.00, 64.00) | 48.00 (39.00, 60.50) | 0.271 |
| Sex, female | 9/29 (31.0) | 46/111 (41.4) | 0.419 |
| Health care worker | 4/29 (13.8) | 12/111 (10.8) | 0.743* |
| Comorbidities | |||
| CCI, median (IQR), n = 140 | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.066 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 12/29 (41.4) | 20/111 (18.0) | 0.016 |
| Hypertension | 10/29 (34.5) | 35/111 (31.5) | 0.936 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1/29 (3.4) | 5/111 (4.5) | 1* |
| Obesity | 15/29 (51.7) | 35/97 (36.1) | 0.196 |
| Overweight | 10/29 (34.5) | 42/97 (43.3) | 0.528 |
| COPD | 1/29 (3.4) | 1/111 (0.9) | 0.373* |
| Asthma | 0/29 (0.0) | 2/111 (1.8) | 1* |
| Immunosuppression | 3/29 (10.3) | 5/111 (4.5) | 0.362* |
| Chronic liver disease | 1/29 (3.4) | 1/111 (0.9) | 0.373* |
| Smoker (current or former) | 7/29 (24.1) | 18/111 (16.2) | 0.536* |
| Symptoms | |||
| Days since symptom onset, median (IQR), n = 140 | 8.00 (6.00, 12.00) | 7.00 (4.50, 9.00) | 0.21 |
| Fever | 28/29 (96.6) | 103/111 (92.8) | 0.685* |
| Cough | 28/29 (96.6) | 100/111 (90.1) | 0.46* |
| Chest pain | 16/29 (55.2) | 37/111 (33.3) | 0.052 |
| Dyspnea | 22/29 (75.9) | 66/111 (59.5) | 0.158 |
| Headache | 18/29 (62.1) | 89/110 (80.9) | 0.058 |
| Irritability (%) | 9/27 (33.3) | 25/108 (23.1) | 0.399 |
| Diarrhea | 11/29 (37.9) | 37/111 (33.3) | 0.807 |
| Vomiting | 7/29 (24.1) | 11/111 (9.9) | 0.059* |
| Shaking chills | 17/29 (58.6) | 68/110 (61.8) | 0.92 |
| Abdominal pain | 7/29 (24.1) | 9/111 (8.1) | 0.024* |
| Myalgia | 23/29 (79.3) | 83/110 (75.5) | 0.85 |
| Arthralgia | 21/29 (72.4) | 74/110 (67.3) | 0.76 |
| Malaise | 22/29 (75.9) | 96/111 (86.5) | 0.266 |
| Rhinorrhea | 6/29 (20.7) | 38/111 (34.2) | 0.24 |
| Sore throat | 17/29 (58.6) | 48/110 (43.6) | 0.219 |
| Conjunctivitis | 6/29 (20.7) | 19/111 (17.1) | 0.861 |
| Anosmia | 0/2 (0.0) | 9/12 (75.0) | 0.11* |
| Dysgeusia | 0/2 (0.0) | 5/6 (83.3) | 0.206 |
| Dermatosis | 0/6 (0.0) | 2/16 (12.5) | 0.94 |
| Physical examination | |||
| Weight, median (IQR), n = 128 | 80.00 (70.00, 90.00) | 78.00 (69.00, 87.00) | 0.185 |
| Height, median (IQR), n = 126 | 1.65 (1.60, 1.70) | 1.65 (1.58, 1.72) | 0.765 |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2, n = 126 | 30.50 (27.04, 33.87) | 28.57 (25.50, 31.20) | 0.037 |
| Body temperature, median (IQR), °C, n = 136 | 37.30 (36.78, 37.95) | 37.20 (36.50, 38.00) | 0.382 |
| Heart rate, median (IQR), bpm, n = 140 | 109.00 (94.00, 120.00) | 101.00 (86.50, 114.00) | 0.068 |
| Respiratory rate, median (IQR), rpm, n = 140 | 26.00 (22.00, 30.00) | 22.00 (19.50, 24.00) | < 0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation (FiO2 21%), median (IQR), %, n = 133 | 83.50 (76.00, 88.00) | 89.00 (87.00, 92.00) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial pressure, median (IQR), n = 140 | |||
| Systolic, mmHg | 124.00 (110.00, 137.00) | 120.00 (112.00, 133.00) | 0.857 |
| Diastolic, mmHg | 74.00 (62.00, 82.00) | 76.00 (68.50, 81.00) | 0.877 |
| Mean, mmHg | 90.00 (83.33, 97.33) | 91.00 (83.33, 100.00) | 0.811 |
BMI: body mass index; bpm: beats per minute; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; ICU: intensive care unit; INCMNSZ: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán;
IQR: interquartile range; rpm: breaths per minute.
*Fisher’s exact test.
Table 3 Baseline prognostic scores and laboratory findings of inpatients with COVID-19 according to their requirement of intensive care at the INCMNSZ (February 26, 2020, to April 11, 2020)
| Baseline prognostic scores | Median (IQR) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ICU (n = 29) | non-ICU (n = 111) | p-value | |
| qSOFA, n = 140 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 1.00) | 0.021 |
| NEWS, n = 139 | 8.00 (7.00, 10.00) | 6.00 (4.00, 8.00) | < 0.001 |
| MuLBSTA , n = 140 | 9.00 (8.00, 12.00) | 8.00 (5.00, 9.00) | 0.006 |
| High-risk MuLBSTA , n (%) | 1/29 (72) | 101/111 (91) | 0.013 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Complete blood count, n = 140 | |||
| White blood cell count, × 109/L | 8.1 (5.5, 11.2) | 6.0 (4.6, 8.05) | 0.002 |
| Neutrophil count, × 109/L | 7.2 (4.3, 9.4) | 4.4 (3.1, 6.3) | 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 0.68 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.88 (0.62, 1.1) | 0.185 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 15.50 (14.00, 16.60) | 15.60 (14.00, 16.95) | 0.422 |
| Platelet count, × 1099/L | 213.00 (175.00, 283.00) | 193.00 (161.00, 231.00) | 0.034 |
| Basic metabolic panel | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dL, n = 140 | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.10) | 0.559 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL, n = 140 | 15.40 (10.90, 16.70) | 12.30 (10.20, 16.10) | 0.067 |
| Sodium, mmol/L, n = 139 | 136.00 (133.00, 138.00) | 136.00 (133.00, 138.00) | 0.741 |
| Potassium, mmol/L, n = 139 | 4.00 (3.66, 4.06) | 4.02 (3.76, 4.30) | 0.107 |
| Liver function tests, n = 140 | |||
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 42.00 (26.00, 53.00) | 34.00 (22.90, 55.05) | 0.349 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 56.00 (34.00, 68.00) | 34.00 (25.00, 51.50) | 0.004 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 90.00 (63.00, 112.00) | 82.00 (64.50, 99.50) | 0.299 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.59 (0.49, 0.73) | 0.50 (0.41, 0.66) | 0.118 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.30 (3.13, 3.80) | 4.00 (3.72, 4.20) | < 0.001 |
| Globulin, g/dL | 3.34 (2.93, 3.51) | 3.10 (2.83, 3.27) | 0.047 |
| Acute-phase reactants | |||
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL, n = 137 | 13.74 (11.02, 18.98) | 6.50 (2.39, 12.91) | < 0.001 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL, n = 131 | 646.50 (311.82, 891.25) | 335.00 (203.00, 603.00) | 0.008 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/hr, n = 27 | 34.00 (24.00, 37.50) | 19.00 (10.25, 26.00) | 0.127 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL, n = 38 | 0.56 (0.48, 0.80) | 0.05 (0.05, 0.11) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial blood gases, n = 122 | |||
| pH | 7.46 (7.43, 7.48) | 7.45 (7.42, 7.48) | 0.616 |
| PaO2, mmHg | 63.90 (55.95, 93.50) | 59.00 (54.00, 68.00) | 0.171 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 31.00 (28.50, 35.35) | 32.00 (29.20, 34.00) | 0.737 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 195.00 (99.83, 252.50) | 271.43 (245.71, 302.67) | < 0.001 |
| HCO3, mmol/L | 22.00 (19.10, 24.00) | 21.80 (20.60, 22.70) | 0.47 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.15 (1.00, 1.45) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.30) | 0.18 |
| Others | |||
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL, n = 90 | 684.00 (485.00, 771.25) | 491.00 (415.00, 665.25) | 0.008 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL, n = 127 | 729.00 (527.00, 1328.72) | 454.00 (353.00, 723.50) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine phosphokinase, U/L, n = 110 | 126.00 (68.25, 272.00) | 104.50 (57.00, 245.25) | 0.593 |
| Cardiac troponin I, pg/mL, n = 96 | 10.60 (5.62, 16.52) | 4.00 (2.80, 5.50) | < 0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L, n = 139 | 488.00 (325.00, 577.00) | 266.50 (218.75, 351.75) | < 0.001 |
FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; ICU: intensive care unit; INCMNSZ: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán;
IQR: interquartile range; NEWS: National Early Warning Score; MulBSTA: multilobular infiltration: hypolymphocytosis: bacterial coinfection: smoking history: hypertension and age score; NIH: National Institute of Health; qSOFA: quick sequential organ failure assessment.
