Abstract

AROCHE REYES, Fidel; MOLINA DEL VILLAR, Tania  and  ZARATE GUTIERREZ, Ricardo. Structural transformations, export sectors and economic development. Comparative analysis between South Korea, Spain, and Mexico. Anál. econ. [online]. 2022, vol.37, n.94, pp.63-83.  Epub Apr 08, 2022. ISSN 2448-6655.  https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/ae/2022v37n94/aroche.

To achieve development, an economy must undergo constant transformations that imply increasing complexity, both technological and in the productive structure; considering mainly those sectors that have a higher capacity to influence the productive activity. Starting from such idea, we compare the structural transformations in three economies, South Korea, Spain, and Mexico between 1980 and 2005 to construct indicators regarding their development processes. We employ a methodology that derives from the input-output model, specifically the use of the “Maps of Fields of Influence”, which allow analyzing two aspects: first, the structure of interrelationships between sectors, as well as their changes over time; second, the direction of structural change, basically the role played by the exporting industries. The main result obtained is that the different paths of development vary greatly, according to the level of dependence on the external sector, but it is mainly determined by the different degrees of interrelation within the system of industries.

Keywords : Structural change; export sectors; linkage; economic development; O14; O30; O67.

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