Abstract

TELLEZ-ROMERO, J. G.; SARABIA-BANUELOS, P.; HERNANDEZ-GONZALEZ, S.  and  NOLASCO-ARIZMENDI, V. A.. Deactivation mechanisms of heterogeneous catalysts. Mundo nano [online]. 2021, vol.14, n.26, 00005.  Epub Mar 03, 2021. ISSN 2448-5691.  https://doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2021.26.69642.

Catalytic deactivation is a serious problem in different sections of the oil refining process, causing loss of catalytic activity with respect to operating time. This review is focused on the deactivation catalyst mechanisms, such as poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation and sintering, chemical degradation and mechanical failures like attrition and crushing, in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and catalytic reforming. The causes of these deactivation catalyst mechanisms are chemical, thermal and mechanical. The key features and considerations for each of these deactivation mechanisms types are reviewed. Additionally, the total cost for catalyst deactivation is increasing gradually each year because of the replacement of spent catalyst, generating thousands of tons of industrial waste.

Keywords : heterogeneous catalyst; deactivation mechanisms; catalytic deactivation.

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