Abstract

BAUTISTA-CAPETILLO, Carlos; MARQUEZ-VILLAGRANA, Héctor Hugo; ZAVALA-TREJO, Manuel  and  PLAYAN-JUBILLAR, Enrique. Characterization of drops emitted by a two-nozzle impact sprinkler using a photographic technique. Tecnol. cienc. agua [online]. 2013, vol.4, n.5, pp.147-164. ISSN 2007-2422.

This research made it possible to characterize an impact sprinkler equipped with two nozzles (3.97 mm primary nozzle and 3.18 mm auxiliary nozzle) using a photographic technique. The sprinkler had a triangular water application pattern that is very suitable for agricultural irrigation purposes. The characterization of the drops emitted was more realistic than for single-nozzle sprinklers. The hydraulic pressures evaluated were 150, 200, 250 and 300 kPa and the drops were characterized by measurements at distances of 3, 6, 9 and 12 m from the sprinkler. The heights chosen between the soil surface and the sprinkler head were 1.65 and 2.55 m. The drops were evaluated at a height of 1.15 m above the soil surface. The results reported are based on a set of 4 100 photographs, of which 1 450 contained valid drop images. A total of 7 285 drops were analyzed to describe drop diameter, velocity and angle with respect to the vertical. Cumulative drop frequency and volume curves were generated for both nozzles and nozzle heights. Diameter-velocity and angle-velocity relationships were determined for each combination of factors-nozzle, height, distance and pressure. Furthermore, a complete data set was produced, which contributes to conducting analyses to calibrate ballistic models and improve their predictive capacity.

Keywords : ballistics; diameter; drop; impact; photography; sprinkler; velocity; angle.

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