Abstract

ROSETE FERNANDEZ, Jorge Víctor et al. Reproductive biotechnologies in beef cattle: five decades of research in Mexico. Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias [online]. 2021, vol.12, suppl.3, pp.39-78.  Epub Jan 24, 2022. ISSN 2448-6698.  https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v12s3.5918.

The main bovine reproductive biotechnologies are recapitulated herein in five sections, and their historical development and current status are analyzed, including the results generated in Mexico. In the 1970s, estrus synchronization and ovulation induction began; thus, the reproductive cycle started to be controlled with the resources available at that time, based on the knowledge of bovine reproductive physiology. Over the years, hormone therapy evolved as new compounds were discovered, refining methods to standardize the effect and generating new methods for the release of hormones. The most widely used biotechnology in the world, artificial insemination, owes its expansion to advances in semen processing, among which the development of diluents, cryopreservation, semen sexing, and computer-assisted sperm analysis stand out. The embryonic era began with the development of multi-ovulation and methods for collecting, evaluating, transferring, and cryopreserving embryos. The second embryonic era came with the fully in vitro production of embryos from immature eggs and frozen sperm, known as in vitro embryo production. Great research and material resources have been invested in this procedure, rendering it a pillar of genetic improvement and productivity, in combination with two other tools: sexed semen and genomic evaluations. A golden age of in vitro embryo production is on the horizon, with the possibility to produce accurate modifications in the embryo genome, thanks to gene editing technology.

Keywords : Synchronization; Sexed semen; Embryos; Multi-ovulation; Embryo transfer; In vitro production; Bovines.

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