Abstract

SAENZ PEREZ, Criseida Alhelí et al. Main diseases in citrus. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2019, vol.10, n.7, pp.1653-1665.  Epub Dec 04, 2020. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i7.1827.

Citrus fruits are one of the most important crops worldwide, as it is produced in 140 countries. One of the limitations for its production are diseases, they represent considerable damages in the orchards and due to this they diminish the production and cause millionaire losses in the citrus sector. The main diseases are: Phytophthora spp., Mycosphaerella citri, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Candidatus Liberibacter spp. and citrus sadness virus (VTC). Pathogens can occur at any phenological stage of the crop and throughout the plant, whether in leaves, stems, roots or fruits. These microorganisms cause symptoms of chlorosis, mottling, less development and growth, deficiencies in the absorption of water and nutrients, rot, necrosis and in more extreme cases the death of the plant. For the management of phytopathogens there are different alternatives, the application of agrochemicals based on sulfur and copper (oxychloride and sulfate) are efficient in 70%, in addition, the use of resistant varieties (C. volkameriana, C. aurantium, among others), cultural measures such as thermotherapy, weed control and good drainage in the garden. On the other hand, to a lesser extent biological control is implemented, the application of beneficial microorganisms (Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis) have demonstrated effectiveness up to 80%. As well as the release of parasitoids and predators such as Tamarixia radiata, Cycloneda sanguinea and Harmonia axyridis, which represent a good alternative for vector control. Therefore, the objective of this review is to describe the impact and status of the main citrus diseases present in Mexico.

Keywords : control; epidemiology; pathogen; symptomatology.

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