Abstract

CONCEICAO DOS SANTOS, Luis Filipe et al. Agronomic and physiological behavior of maize native to southeastern Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2019, vol.10, n.6, pp.1247-1258.  Epub Oct 02, 2020. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i6.908.

Mexico is the center of origin and domestication of maize (Zea mays L.), in some regions there are still creole populations with the potential to generate improved varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic and physiological behavior of twelve maize populations native to southeastern Mexico. The experiment was carried out in Tizimín, Yucatán in 2017. 32 parameters corresponding to vegetative, phenological, agronomic and physiological variables were evaluated. The results showed a difference of 75 cm between the lower plants (Xn-69) and those of higher bearing (CNB), the plants of the population DZ-252 presented greater foliage (19.1 leaves) and greater stem diameter (26 mm), the earliest populations were CM and CCB (65.5 and 65.8 days, respectively). 58% of the populations evaluated exceeded the average yield of the region (4.5 t ha-1). The highest yield was obtained by the CM, Cro, H1 and SP2015 populations (117.7, 105.8, 111.5 and 109.5 g plant-1, respectively). The populations CM, DZ2015, Cja and Cro had a higher photosynthetic rate; however, the highest water use efficiency was presented by the DZ-252 and XnQroo populations (8.9 µmol CO2/mmol H2O). The CM population stood out for its performance and precocity, the DZ-252 could be used as fodder for the amount of biomass it generated and the XnQroo should be studied under conditions of water restriction for its efficiency of water use, these three populations should be included in breeding programs

Keywords : Zea mays L.; creole populations; genetic diversity.

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