Abstract

SALAZAR-GARCIA, Samuel et al. Presence of parthenocarpic fruit in ‘Ataulfo’ mango and its relation with environmental temperature and fertilization treatments. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2016, vol.7, n.spe13, pp.2615-2626. ISSN 2007-0934.

In the state of Nayarit, Mexico, 'Ataulfo' shows high production of parthenocarpic fruits and there is little information on the causes of this anomaly. The objectives of this study were 1) to quantify temperature occurrence suggested as harmful in pre- and post-anthesis; and 2) to evaluate the influence of soil fertilization on the presence of parthenocarpic fruit. The research was conducted in two “Ataulfo” commercial orchards located in a warm humid climate from the coast of Nayarit. Environmental temperatures were recorded every 15 min during the 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cycles and were associated with values reported as harmful to flowering and fruit set at different stages of floral development and post-anthesis weeks. Two levels of balanced fertilizer (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and B) were evaluated, based on nutritional requirements and nutritional status of the tree, soil fertility and fertilization efficiency. The witness did not receive fertilizer. The presence of temperatures ≤13 °C, ≤14 °C and ≤15 °C, at flowering, mainly in the states of floral development E-8 (elongation of the main axis form the panicle - cauliflower state; the integuments are being formed in the egg, microspore stem cells are visible in the anther) and E-9 (elongation of the secondary and tertiary axes; meiosis has occurred, microspore tetrad and the integument of the ovule are formed), seems to be the responsible of parthenocarpic fruit in 'Ataulfo' mango, as it was not found any evidence of stenospermocarpy. Fertilization treatments did not affect the proportion of parthenocarpic mango that reached harvest maturity.

Keywords : Mangifera indica L.; climate change; ecophysiology; parthenocarpy; stenospermocarpy.

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