Abstract

CERVANTES ADAME, Yessica Flor et al. Genetic variability and morphological association between native maize populations and their F₁ cross. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2016, vol.7, n.8, pp.1919-1931. ISSN 2007-0934.

In Mexico 7.4 million hectares are sown with corn, about 80% of this area is under rainfed, in the state of Morelos approximately 26 000 ha are planted and native maize seed is predominantly used. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of morphological variation between corn native populations and their diallel crosses and compare the morphological similarity of native populations with the similarity of their crosses. The germplasm was constituted by seven native maize populations from different geographic origins, their 21 diallel crosses and three controls. The 31 maize genotypes were evaluated in three environments from the state of Morelos (Ayalaautumn-winter 2012-2013, Ayala-spring-summer 2013 and Tepalcingo-spring-summer 2013). The experimental design in the three environments was randomized complete block with three replications. 13 variables were measured and subjected to combine variance analysis, mean comparison DMS0.05, a principal component and cluster analysis. A high degree of inter-population genetic variability was detected and crosses showed greater genetic and phenotypic variance than parent populations. Five main components, which accounted for 91.2 and 83% of total phenotypic variation, for populations and crosses, respectively were identified. Cluster analysis revealed the high degree of genetic divergence among native populations, by placing in different group to five of the seven native populations, crosses RAT × MOR (C47) and CAB × MOR (C17) showed the greatest phenotypic dissimilarity.

Keywords : creole corn; genetic diversity; morphological traits.

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