Abstract

ORDONEZ BELTRAN, María Fátima et al. Woolly aphid and environmental impact of pesticide use in apple tree in Chihuahua, Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2016, vol.7, n.3, pp.573-583. ISSN 2007-0934.

The apple (Malus sylvestris var domestica Bork) is one of the most important deciduous fruit in the world. Nationally, Chihuahua is the largest producer of apple with a contribution of 66%. In this culture different phytophagous including the woolly apple aphid is staying, and whose combat is based on insecticides. In this study the information generated was analyzed during the years 2010 and 2011 on temperature and precipitation, occurrence of woolly aphid rising from the tree trunk, number of aerial colonies and the rate of environmental impact was calculated by the application of pesticides in three apple orchards located in Cuauhtemoc, Chihuahua, with the variety ’Golden Delicious’ on roots tock frank and different pest management (phytophagous and pathogens). The results allowed to detect a differential of 96 mm in rainfall occurred between 2010 and 2011, significant differences in the rate of accumulation of heat for the same years and a significant difference in the occurrence of woolly aphid between years and orchards. Regarding the environmental impact coefficient of variation between years and orchards it was detected with values ranging between 16 and 436 units of environmental impact. The greatest accumulation of heat units and less rainfall associated with increased number of aphid colonies rising and air, and a greater environmental impact by the use of pesticides in apple.

Keywords : Eriosoma lanigerum; Malus sylvestris var domestica; rainfall; units heat; Weibull model.

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