Abstract

LOPEZ-GUZMAN, Graciela et al. Morphological characterization in native genotypes of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) of tropical climate in Nayarit, Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.spe11, pp.2157-2163. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v0i11.785.

Nayarit is part of the natural distribution are of avocado (Persea americana Mill.), so it has a great diversity of native types. The characterization and evaluation of these plant genetic resources for determining its potential as a source of germplasm utility. The aim of this study was to characterize morphologically 24 genotypes of native avocado of tropical climate in Nayarit, Mexico. Of each genotype, 10 leaves and 10 fruits at physiological maturity were taken, 23 qualitative and quantitative descriptors of leaves, fruits and seeds phenotypic characteristics were recorded; also evaluating the oil content in the pulp of fruits. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used. The highest variability was found in the percentage of oil with a coefficient of variation of 22.6%, with 22.4% weight epicarp, thick epicarp with 20.2%, 20.4% weight of pulp and seed weight with 23.3%. The first three principal components explained 53.8% of the total variability. At a euclidean distance of 0.11 in the dendrogram, three groups with similar morphological characteristics were generated. Fruit weight, weight of pulp, fruit diameter, weight of the epicarp, seed weight and length of leaf blade were the characters that explained better the proportion variability. These morphological features could be used as selection criteria and differentiation of genotypes of native of tropical avocado in Nayarit, Mexico.

Keywords : multivariate analysis; of tropical fruit; plant genetic resources.

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