Abstract

GARCIA-MENDIVIL, Helio A. et al. Silicon enriched mushroom based compost application on wheat (Triticum spp.). Agrociencia [online]. 2014, vol.48, n.7, pp.691-702. ISSN 2521-9766.

Organic waste and their composts are an essential source of nutrients for sustainable agriculture. They provide natural fertilizers and reduce environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of compost on development, yield and quality of wheat in the Yaqui Valley. The experiment was established in field conditions in two types of soil of the region: lithosol of medium texture and lithosol of medium texture with a tendency to compaction. Two varieties of hard wheat (Triticum durum L.), Imperial F2008 and Cirno C2008, and two varieties of flour wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Tacupeto F2001 and Norman F2008, were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments and four replications: control (with no application), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t ha^-1 compost. The variables were total chlorophyll, photosynthesis, agronomic yield components and concentration of nutrients. There was significant response to incorporation of compost: total chlorophyll increased almost 15 %, photosynthesis 15 %, and yield nearly 10 %; the concentration of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium doubled and phosphorus increased four times. In general, nutrient requirements of the hard and flour wheat varieties were fullfilled, and the response, reflected in the assessed variables, was better in the compost treatments. Application of 5.0 t ha^-1 compost increased average wheat yield by 20 %.

Keywords : Organic fertilizer; substrate; sustainable agriculture; physiotechniques; photosynthesis.

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