Abstract

VAZQUEZ-LOPEZ, Raúl. Effects of the Washington Consensus reforms on the industrial structure: The cases of Mexico and India. Am. Lat. Hist. Econ [online]. 2020, vol.27, n.3, e1069.  Epub Dec 22, 2020. ISSN 2007-3496.  https://doi.org/10.18232/alhe.1069.

This article aims to compare the structural transformations that took place in the industrial sector of Mexico and India, after similar economic reforms, inspired in the Washington Consensus. The evolution of the labor productivity indicator, calculated for 90 categories from 1994 to 2007 in Mexico’s case, and from 1998 to 2007 with 123 categories for India, corroborates widening disparities among the various industries as well as a concentration of modernization in a reduced number of activities. The results show a relative process of restructuring and productive modernization in India, with a certain time lag, and a more questionable evolution in Mexico, due to an excessive specialization dependent on multinational firms’ dynamics. Finally, a shift-share methodology confirms the hypothesis that in neither case there was a structural change bolstering aggregated efficiency levels.

Keywords : Washington Consensus; structural change; Industry.

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