Abstract

LEON-TEUTLI, Alma Karina et al. Selection of native yeasts for the production of sparkling ciders from apple varieties established in Querétaro, Mexico. Rev. Chapingo Ser.Hortic [online]. 2020, vol.26, n.1, pp.29-47.  Epub June 15, 2020. ISSN 2007-4034.  https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2019.06.010.

The low quality of the apple produced in Querétaro, Mexico, impedes its efficient fresh marketing. One possible solution to this problem is to produce champagne-type sparkling cider. Therefore, the objective of this work was to select strains of Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from apple varieties of the region, based on desirable traits to make sparkling ciders. To select the yeasts, we induced the spontaneous fermentation of the must of 14 varieties, from which 135 strains (102 Saccharomyces spp.) were isolated and three (MM7, 436.4 and RY5) were selected, all with killer phenotype, β-glucosidase activity, tolerance to 8 % ethanol and 50 mg·L-1 of SO2, a different degree of flocculation and with the ability to produce more than 3 atm of pressure in the bottle. With MM7, a base cider of good quality was obtained (glucose < 2 g·L-1, pH 3.57, total titratable acidity of 4.03 g·L-1 and volatile acidity of 0.27 g·L-1). For the second fermentation, the base ciders made with MM7 were bottled, 15 g·L-1 of sucrose were added and then they were inoculated separately with MM7, 436.4, RY5 or K1-V1116. By day 21, they all reached about 6 atm of pressure. Sensorially, ciders made with MM7 stood out in effervescence speed, and those made with RY5 in taste acceptability. The amplification and sequencing of the ITS1/ITS4 domain identified MM7 and 436.4 as S. cerevisiae, and RY5 as S. paradoxus. The selected yeasts showed desirable traits for the production of quality sparkling ciders typical of the region.

Keywords : Malus domestica Borkh; killer effect; β-glucosidase; Saccharomyces; champenoise method.

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