Abstract

TOSQUY VALLE, Oscar Hugo et al. Selection of Common Bean Genotypes Adapted to Acid Soils. Terra Latinoam [online]. 2008, vol.26, n.3, pp.227-233. ISSN 2395-8030.

In Southern Veracruz, Mexico, common bean is sown in acid soils that reduce crop productivity. The objective of this study was to identify genotypes of common bean that are adapted to acid soils and produce high yields with or without dolomite application. In each of the 1999, 2000, 2002, and 2004 fall-winter growing seasons, two experiments were established in the same soil in Isla, Veracruz, Mexico, with an initial pH of 4.3 in water. In one experiment conducted in 1999, 1.25 Mg ha^-1 dolomite was applied to the soil 30 days before sowing and, in the other, no dolomite was applied. The experimental lines DOR-454, DOR-448, UCR-55, and the varieties Icta Ligero Negro 8025, Negro Tropical, Negro Medellin, and Negro Jamapa (regional check) were evaluated. Each plot comprised three 5 m long rows, with a 0.60 m row separation. Data were collected from the central row. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Soil pH and grain yield adjusted to 14% moisture were measured. With the yield data of each test a combined analysis (years-genotypes) was performed, and for mean separation the LSD test (α = 0.05) was used. The effect of soil acidity on grain yield of each genotype was estimated using the geometric mean (GMi) and the relative efficiency index (REIi). Yields of Negro 8025, DOR-454, Negro Medellin and DOR-448 were significantly higher than that of the regional control Negro Jamapa, with and without dolomite. When dolomite was applied, higher yield increases were obtained with Icta Ligero (105%), Negro 8025 (58%), and Negro Medellin (53%). By using the GMi and REIi, it was possible to identify DOR-454 (547.2 kg ha^-1, 1.6), Negro 8025 (518.7 kg ha^-1, 1.5), and DOR-448 (511.4 kg ha^-1, 1.4) as outstanding, since they showed the highest yield efficiency with and without dolomite.

Keywords : Phaseolus vulgaris; soil liming; indexes; yield.

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