Abstract

ZUMARRAGA-ESPINOSA, Marcos; REYES-VALENZUELA, Carlos  and  CAROFILIS-CEDENO, Cynthia. Dimensions of Offline and Online Political Participation:First and Second Order Factors. Rev. mex. cienc. polít. soc [online]. 2022, vol.67, n.245, pp.105-139.  Epub Apr 21, 2023. ISSN 0185-1918.  https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2022.245.69646.

The present work evaluates the modes of action that integrate the online and offline dimensions of political participation. Offline political participation is composed of two general sub-dimensions: conventional participation and political protest. On the other hand, online participation operates through a low-cost (soft) and a high-cost (hard) modality. The analyses were conducted with a sample of 1 136 persons of the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador. The strategy to verify the raised hypotheses was based on the comparison of different factorial models by confirmatory factorial analysis. The multidimensional nature of political participation and its implications in the current context of Latin America are discussed.

Keywords : online political participation; offline political participation; participation modes; first and second order factors; Ecuador.

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