Introduction:

Colorectal cancer is a major threat to public health globally. In Mexico, it is not known what the true epidemiology is because there is an under-registration of this disease. In addition, we do not know if the established risk factors are the same for our population.

Objective:

To know the demographic characteristics of colorectal cancer in the population of the Hospital de Oncología del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del IMSS.

Material and methods:

Retrospective, descriptive study of a cohort. All colonoscopies of patients with suspected or already known diagnosis of colorectal cancer in HO del CMN Siglo XXI del IMSS in the last 5 years (2014-2019) were reviewed. The following data were analyzed: age of presentation, gender, associated risk factors, symptoms, heresedling history, anatomical location, histology; as well as the staging of cancer, the presence of anemia and metastases at the time of diagnosis; percentage of high-risk diseases that developed neoplasm.

Results:

7302 colonoscopies were reviewed in the last 5 years, 3436 had colorectal cancer. 1871 men (54.45%) and 1565 women (45.55%), average age of diagnosis 60 years (24-95), 722 people detected before the age of 50 (21%), adenocarcinoma was the most common (96.1%), positive first-degree inherited history at 7.74%, diabetes mellitus at 19.78%, smoking at 24.9%, ethylism at 21.1%, obesity at 7.95%. The right colon was the most frequent location (39.49%). Symptoms such as weight loss, chronic abdominal pain and rectal hemorrhage present in more than 60% of the population, 44.44% were in clinical stage IV, anemia at 47.85% and metastasis at 41.96% at the time of diagnosis. Of the population studied 1.2% already had the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome, 0.8% with familiaal adenomatous polyposis and 0.2% with inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions:

HO is a concentration hospital, which explains the high percentage of neoplasm found. Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms such as vague abdominal pain and rectorate should be dealt with in depth in all age groups, on the one hand, because about half of the patients were presented at an incurable stage, and on the other because a significant percentage of the population before the age of 50. In the IMSS and in our country we must continue to improve in the programs of prevention, screening and timely detection of this neoplasm, so they must be implemented for the mexican population at risk, so that first contact doctors can lead to in a timely manner to a specialized tertiary center for diagnostic supplementation and treatment, so that these productive-age people remain so unaffected to the dependent population and society at large, as colorectal cancer is curable and preventable when detected at an early stage.

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