Abstract

TORRES GUERRERO, Haydee; RAMIREZ CARRETO, Ricardo Jair; RODRIGUEZ CORTES, Yesica María  and  CHAVARRIA, Anahí. The hypotalamic disturbances during obesity: neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Rev. Mex. de trastor. aliment [online]. 2023, vol.13, n.2, pp.170-186.  Epub Jan 15, 2024. ISSN 2007-1523.  https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2023.2.754.

Nowadays, obesity is considered a worldwide rising health problem and is characterized by adipose tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia due to hypercaloric intake and lack of physical activity, promoting the development of metabolic dysfunction, low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, and gradually hypothalamic neuroinflammation. Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ secreting adipokines and cytokines around peripheral organs, functioning as a master metabolism regulator. However, high levels of adipocyte-derived free fatty acids and inflammatory molecules promote impairments in systemic immune response, generate chronic inflammation, disrupt the blood-brain barrier, and stimulate glia, specifically in some hypothalamic regions, the master regulators of energetic homeostasis. Hypothalamic glial cells are essential in diet-related inflammatory signals transmission and can modulate neuronal activity, also respond to peripheral inflammatory signals and begin local inflammatory response and gliosis. This review aims to analyze obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and how it participates in the hypothalamic regulation impairments due to neuroinflammation and impairment in food intake behavior.

Keywords : Neuroinflammation; hypothalamus; obesity; microglia; astrocytes.

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