Abstract

CARRANZA-GONZALEZ, Salvador et al. Physical seed quality in 24 improved wheat varieties released in Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2022, vol.13, n.5, pp.827-840.  Epub Oct 10, 2022. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v13i5.3003.

Seed quality is an agronomic concept that considers physical, physiological, genetic and sanitary attributes, which allow an adequate establishment of the crop to achieve good optimal productivity. About 95% of the wheat grown by humanity is bread wheat, a product obtained by genetic improvement programs around the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical quality characteristics of 24 wheat varieties from the collection of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research. The seed of the varieties for the quality analysis was increased under field conditions over two cycles. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. In the evaluation, the varieties were grouped into eight decades according to the year of release and the data were analyzed in two ways, by varieties and years and by decades. Three variables were evaluated, and the results indicate that, for the weight of a thousand seeds, their value was increased by up to 30% in modern varieties; while for volumetric weight, it was 7%, for percentage of moisture, no difference was detected between the varieties generated in the different decades. The 24 varieties evaluated had an acceptable behavior under the standards that the seed industry demands. It is concluded that the genetic improvement of wheat in Mexico has positively and significantly influenced the weight of a thousand seeds.

Keywords : Triticum aestivum L.; genetic improvement; physical seed quality; volumetric weight; weight of a thousand seeds..

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