Abstract

PENA RODRIGUEZ, José Carlos. Progress and challenges in the pathophysiology and treatment of nephrolithiasis. Acta méd. Grupo Ángeles [online]. 2016, vol.14, n.3, pp.155-161.  Epub Sep 24, 2021. ISSN 1870-7203.

This review show the high incidence and prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the general population. Recent epidemiological studies demonstrate that renal stone formation is associated with other chronic diseases, all of them, risk factors for cardiovascular and renal damage; these results suggests that stone formation is more a systemic disease with organic repercussions. We discuss the medical therapies for the management of stone passage; and also the recently described Rule et al Nomogram, for the prediction of recurrence of stones episodes. The drugs employed for the treatment of this disease are mentioned, as well as the use of diet and increase in fluid intake. Before treatment, it is critical to establish the metabolic abnormalities in active stone formers. The formation of Randall plaque is described in patients with hypercalciuria as the site of deposition of calcium oxalate crystals. The treatment of hyperuricosuria with alopurinol and flebuxostat and the rol of citrate in the control of calcium an uric acid stones is evaluated; as well as the mechanisms and treatment of renal stones in cystinuria.

Keywords : Nephrolithiasis; pathophysiology of nephrolithiasis; treatment of nephrolithiasis.

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