BACKGROUND:

Serous ovarian cystoadenofibroma is a relatively rare, slow-growing, benign epithelial neoplasm of unknown cause. Preoperative diagnosis is complex due to the absence of specific symptoms and signs to rule out malignancy.

OBJECTIVE:

To retrospectively analyze the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic features, and medical care of the patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Retrospective and descriptive analysis of patients with histopathological diagnosis of ovarian serous cystoadenofibroma attended at the General Hospital of Albacete between the years 2010 to 2022.

RESULTS:

635 surgical specimens were analyzed, of which 57.74% corresponded to benign serous neoplasms, 17.41% to borderline serous neoplasms and 24.85% to malignant serous neoplasms. Twenty cases of patients with a diagnosis of ovarian serous cystoadenofibroma were identified. The mean age of these patients was 47 years, with limits of 9 and 74 years. One case was associated with a contralateral atypical serous proliferative atypical tumor. Treatment was surgical and no recurrences were identified in any of the cases.

CONCLUSIONS:

Serous cystoadenofibroma usually manifests as a complex ovarian cyst, with solid-cystic components and irregular septa; this is why it is often misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor before surgery. Freeze biopsy helps to confirm its benign nature and avoids unnecessary extensive surgery. Treatment consists mainly of surgical removal of the cyst with or without oophorectomy. The prognosis is usually excellent.

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