Abstract

OLVERA AGUILAR, Jorge. External investments as a determinant in the industrialization process in the city of Querétaro and its metropolitan area, 1943-2018. Relac. Estud. hist. soc. [online]. 2024, vol.45, n.178, pp.191-218.  Epub Apr 26, 2024. ISSN 2448-7554.  https://doi.org/10.24901/rehs.v45i178.1050.

This work aims to analyze the outstanding role that foreign capital, companies and entrepreneurs had in promoting the industrialization process in the city of Querétaro (Mexico) and its metropolitan area, which includes the municipalities of Corregidora, El Marqués and Colón, among 1943-2018, within the framework of a historical period in which two economic models were developed: Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) and neoliberalism. The main axis is the importance of foreign investments, understood as foreign companies and private Mexican business groups, for the implementation of said industrial development over more than seven decades, as well as investigating the types and industrialization processes that occurred in that period and their relationships with socio-technical and work areas. It is suggested as a hypothesis that said industrialization process can be defined as artificial and exogenous. First, because there was no local business community to carry out this process, as happened in other cities in Mexico -such as Monterrey-, and exogenous because, through national capital from other regions of the country, and especially from abroad, it was carried out the industrialization of the city. From the above, a process of dependent industrialization emerges, inserted in the periphery that has limited endogenous capacity in technological terms, but also in labor terms, a situation that has tended to worsen in the 1980s and that has continued its course to the present.

Keywords : Import Substitution Industrialization; neoliberalism; companies; external capital; center-periphery.