<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642023000200223</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-23-2138</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From the bottom up - attributes of small vesper bats&#8217; activity sites in an upland ecosystem in Chiapas, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kraker-Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Consuelo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacSwiney G.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrete Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Darío]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leiva-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elida M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guatemala City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Guatemala</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Oaxaca]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Departamento de Observación y Estudio de la Tierra, la Atmósfera y el Océano ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Escuela de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guatemala City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Guatemala</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>223</fpage>
<lpage>232</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000200223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000200223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000200223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We studied bats in a natural protected area and the influence zone in Chiapas, México. Focusing on small vesper bats (Vespertilionidae: Myotinae) in water sinkholes, flooded surfaces, and forested locations (sampling sites), our objectives were to: 1) differentiate the sampling sites based on abiotic and biotic variables, 2) compare the relative activity between the contrasting sampling sites, and 3) determine the relative importance of surrounding land covers amounts on the relative activity. We expected the following: 1) that sampling sites would be differentiable based on an interaction of environmental conditions and nocturnal flying insects&#8217; biomass, 2) to find a significantly higher relative activity associated with water bodies as a reflection of potential drinking and feeding supplies, and 3) that forest cover would have a significant association in a positive direction with the relative activity as a reflection of roosting and commuting opportunities. We obtained weather data with a portable station, collected flying nocturnal insects with a passive trap, and recorded bats with ultrasonic detectors. We also used satellite imagery to calculate land covers amounts around the sampling sites. We performed a multivariate analysis to compare sampling sites, and elaborated correlation models of relative activity against surrounding land covers amounts. The only significant variable for differentiating sampling sites was wind speed; in water sinkholes, with lower mean value compared to flooded surfaces and forested locations, along with a comparatively higher percentage of dipterans in the samples. The mean relative activity of bats was significantly higher in water sinkholes, with maximum values reaching 95 %, which we can relate to environmental conditions and resources available. We found associations in a positive direction with forest cover, secondary forest and water surface, and negative with agricultural land and human development. Finally, we argue that some of the water sinkholes meet the criteria of small natural features supported by the unusual activity of the studied bats, and that targeted conservation actions will complement other strategies implemented in the area.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Estudiamos murciélagos en un área natural protegida y la zona de influencia en Chiapas, México. Enfocándonos en vespertiliónidos pequeños (Vespertilionidae: Myotinae) en cenotes, superficies inundables y ubicaciones boscosas (sitios de muestreo), nuestros objetivos fueron: 1) diferenciar los sitios de muestreo en función de variables bióticas y abióticas, 2) comparar la actividad relativa entre los sitios de muestreo contrastantes, y 3) determinar la importancia relativa de las coberturas terrestres circundantes en la actividad relativa. Esperábamos lo siguiente: 1) que los sitios de muestreo fueran diferenciables en función de una interacción de las condiciones ambientales y la biomasa de los insectos voladores nocturnos, 2) encontrar una actividad relativa significativamente mayor asociada con los cuerpos de agua como reflejo de fuentes potenciales de bebida y alimentación, y 3) que la cobertura boscosa tendría una asociación significativa en un sentido positivo con la actividad relativa como un reflejo de las oportunidades de refugio y desplazamiento. Obtuvimos datos ambientales con una estación portátil, recolectamos insectos voladores nocturnos con una trampa pasiva, y grabamos murciélagos con detectores ultrasónicos. También utilizamos imágenes satelitales para calcular las cantidades de coberturas terrestres alrededor de los sitios de muestreo. Realizamos un análisis multivariado para comparar los sitios de muestreo, y elaboramos modelos de correlación entre la actividad relativa y las cantidades de coberturas terrestres circundantes. La única variable significativa para diferenciar los sitios de muestreo fue la velocidad del viento; en los cenotes, con un valor promedio menor en comparación con las superficies inundables y las ubicaciones boscosas, junto con un porcentaje comparativamente mayor de dípteros en las muestras. La actividad relativa promedio de los murciélagos fue significativamente mayor en los cenotes, con valores máximos alcanzando 95 %, lo cual podemos relacionar con las condiciones ambientales y los recursos disponibles. Encontramos asociaciones en una dirección positiva con la cobertura forestal, el bosque secundario y la superficie de agua, y negativas con las tierras agrícolas y el desarrollo humano. Finalmente, argumentamos que algunos de los cenotes cumplen con los criterios de rasgos naturales pequeños por la actividad inusual de los murciélagos estudiados, y que las acciones de conservación dirigidas complementarán otras estrategias implementadas en el área.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Forest loss]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hierarchical partitioning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[landscape level]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[local level]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Myotis spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[small natural features]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[targeted conservation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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