<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigaciones geográficas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Invest. Geog]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geografía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-46112021000100102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14350/rig.60218</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19, más allá del virus: una aproximación a la anatomía de un pandesastre sindémico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19, Beyond the Virus: An Outlook to the Anatomy of a Syndemic Pan-Disaster]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcántara-Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irasema]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>104</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-46112021000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-46112021000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-46112021000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el brote de la COVID-19 como una pandemia mundial. Más allá de los desafíos médicos y científicos para entender el virus SARS-CoV-2 como causante de dicha enfermedad y, por ende, desarrollar una vacuna para mitigar los efectos de su propagación, la crisis resultante instiga a reflexionar con urgencia acerca del significado de esta pandemia como resultado de los procesos de intervención de los seres humanos en el planeta. En dicho tenor, este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar un marco referencial para la comprensión de la construcción social del riesgo de desastre y del desastre desencadenado por la COVID-19, visualizada esta última como una amenaza sociobiológica. Asimismo, de manera complementaria al enfoque epidemiológico documentado por especialistas en el tema, se enfatiza la importancia de abordar esta encrucijada, desde una perspectiva integral transdisciplinaria. A pesar de que en el caso del desastre actual detonado por la COVID-19 no es posible observar directamente los escombros y los daños característicos de otro tipo de desastres, como aquellos desencadenados por amenazas naturales o socio-naturales (por ejemplo, sismos o inundaciones), las consecuencias a nivel global nos llevan a proponer su tipificación como un pandesastre sindémico. Esto es, un desastre de orden multiescalar con impacto global en un contexto de sindemia que involucra un estado de disrupción extrema del funcionamiento de la sociedad con consecuencias adversas de índole social, económica, cultural, política e institucional, generado por la concatenación de problemas de salud de la población exacerbados por condiciones de susceptibilidad particular de las personas al virus, así como de la exposición al contagio individual y colectivo, y las condiciones de vulnerabilidad preexistentes en la sociedad. Para concluir, se hace referencia a una serie de consideraciones finales orientadas a enmarcar esfuerzos de transformación dirigidos hacia la gestión integral en la actual sociedad del riesgo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Beyond the medical and scientific challenges to understand the SARS-CoV-2 virus as the cause of this disease and develop a vaccine to mitigate the effects of its spread, the ensuing crisis makes it urgent to reflect on the meaning of this pandemic as a consequence of human intervention on the planet. This article outlines a reference framework for understanding both the social construction of disaster risk and the disaster triggered by COVID-19, viewing the latter as a socio-biological hazard. The importance of addressing this issue from an integrated transdisciplinary perspective is highlighted in order to supplement the epidemiological approach documented by specialists on the subject. The current disaster triggered by COVID-19 does not leave behind apparent debris, rubble, and damage, contrasting with other disasters triggered by natural or socio-natural hazards (for instance, earthquakes or floods). However, its global consequences lead us to characterize it as a syndemic pan-disaster, that is, a multiscale disaster with global impact in a syndemic context. This involves an extreme disruption of the functioning of society with adverse social, economic, cultural, political, and institutional consequences caused by multiple public health issues exacerbated by the particular susceptibility of people to the virus, exposure to individual and collective contagion, and preexisting vulnerability conditions in society. To conclude, some final considerations are put forward aimed at framing transformation efforts towards integrated disaster risk management in the current risk society.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores subyacentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores inductores del riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo de desastre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[construcción social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pandesastre sindémico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[root causes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[disaster risk drivers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[disaster risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social construction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[syndemic pan-disaster]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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