<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462025000100461</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.13053/cys-29-1-4620</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Efficient Geographic Routing for Ad Hoc Vehicle Networks]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cherifi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ikram]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zoulikha Mekkakia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,SIMPA Laboratory Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Department of Computer Science]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Algeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Science and Technology of Oran  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Algeria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>461</fpage>
<lpage>479</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462025000100461&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462025000100461&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462025000100461&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: As a specific instance of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), VANET has become increasingly an attractive technology in terms of security and comfort provided to vehicle users. During inter-vehicular communication (V2V) we are confronted with various problems related to packet routing. However, VANET is characterized not only by high mobility, hence the rapid change of topology, but also by considerable congestion and a prohibitive presence of interference. Indeed, overload failures and link breaks can occur resulting in considerable packet loss, increased transmission delays (latency), jitter variation or even worse, frequent network disconnection. This situation degrades the performance of all types of routing, including geographic routing. To remedy this situation, fault tolerance mechanisms are used to make the VANET vehicular communication system capable of remaining operational in spite of failures that occur with high throughput and low response time. In this paper, we present an improved version of GPSR, named OP-GPSR, which is based on a multi-criteria analytical model for geographic routing that is tolerant of link failures, link and node overload, and abrupt network disconnection. This solution is based on a multi-criteria cost function that optimizes the selection of the stable, reliable and uncongested nearest neighbor expressed in terms of predictive distance, degree of mobility, node load and link quality. Simulation results show that the proposed approach (OP-GPSR) provides better performance in terms of packet delivery rate, packet loss rate, end-to-end delay, overhead rate and interference and best predicts link failures (breakage, overload and congestion).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[VANET]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[V2V]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GPSR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[OP-GPSR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[link break]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[congestion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[link quality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mobility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[predictive position]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fault tolerance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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