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This article seeks to articulate an explicative approach framework of historical discipline transformation process along XX century. It considers that this process is connected with theoretical aspects of the discipline which results determining on defining its nature and cognitive limits. The central thesis ensures that History changed so much, that it cannot be considered as a Human Science on the way Historicism said; on the contrary, as a way of knowledge, it refers to an operative rationality which is fundamentally connected with social research feld. As from this relation it is possible to set up its epistemological basis. On Michel Foucault's work, particularly on his Human Sciences criticism, are located reflexive tools which help to set that explicative framework as well as to legitimize the author thesis. This is why it is considered necessary to study how had been recovered its works, on historiographical terms.