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Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

versión impresa ISSN 2007-0934

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc vol.7 no.4 Texcoco may./jun. 2016

 

Description of cultivar

INIFLAR RT, variety of rice grain thin for Mexico

Edwin Javier Barrios Gómez1  § 

Leonardo Hernández Aragón1 

Leticia Tavitas Fuentes1 

Rubén Ortega Arreola2 

José Alfredo Jiménez Chong3 

Luis Mario Tapia4 

Víctor Hugo Morelos5 

Anselmo Hernández Pérez4 

Alberto Valentín Esqueda Esquivel6 

Diana Uresti Durán6 

1 Campo Experimental Zacatepec-INIFAP. Carretera Zacatepec-Galeana S/N, km 0.5 Col. Centro, C. P 62780, Zacatepec, Morelos. México. Tel: 01 800 433 2000 Ext. 86612. (hernandez.leonardo@inifap.gob.mx; tavitas.leticia@inifap.gob.mx).

2 Campo Experimental Tecomán-INIFAP. México. (ortega.ruben@inifap.gob.mx).

3 Campo Experimental Huimanguillo, Tabasco-INIFAP. México. (jimenez.jose@inifap.gob.mx).

4 Campo Experimental Apatzingán-INIFAP. México. (tapia.luismario@inifap.gob.mx; hernandez.anselmo@inifap.gob.mx).

5 Sitio Experimental Ébano, San Luis Potosí-INIFAP. México. (morelos.victor@inifap.gob.mx).

6 Campo Experimental Cotaxtla-INIFAP. México. (esqueda.valentin@inifap.gob.mx; uresti.diana@inifap.gob.mx).


Abstract:

The rice variety INIFLAR RT was introduced to Mexico in 2005 as a line in F6 generation, through international nurseries observation Latin American fund irrigated rice (VIOFLAR-2005). This genotype is derived from the triple cross between CT10825-1-2-1-3/FEDEARROZ50// FLO2066-4P1-1P-M progenitors was obtained which progeny encoded by FLAR as FLO4621 (F1), in Palmyra, Colombia. The F1 seed (masal harvest) were seeded to generate F2 in which a harvest was performed using the pedigree method (selection of individual plants). Genealogical four more selections were made, until the F5, to form latter selection masal, was called FLO4621- 2P-1-3P-3P-M. Once introduced to Mexico, the F5 was evaluated in two cycles: 2006 and 2009 with preliminary performance tests in the dry tropics, then two trials were conducted in 2011 and 2012 in the dry and humid tropics. In 2013 the evaluation was conducted in a compact performance test (ECR), the genotype x environment interaction was determined, and a study of stability parameters under different environments of the humid tropics and dry tropics. During 2014 the validation was performed nationally and temporary irrigation in dry and humid tropics; also it confirmed the laboratory milling quality rice Campo Experimental Zacatepec, Morelos and produced basic seed. Six years of evaluation were performed before starting the registration of the new variety, which earned an average yield of 7.1 t ha-1 in 2013 and 2014, a ton above the national witness The Silverio, later variety. The number of provisional registration with the SNICS is the 3103-3103-ARZ-017-230315/C.

Keywords: Oryza sativa L.; FLAR; planting irrigation; planting time

Resumen:

La variedad de arroz INIFLAR RT fue introducida a México como línea en 2005 en una generación F6, a través de los viveros internacionales de observación del fondo latinoamericano de arroz de riego (VIOFLAR-2005). Este genotipo procede de la cruza triple entre los progenitores CT10825-1-2-1-3/FEDEARROZ50//FLO2066-4P1-1P-M de los cuales se obtuvo la progenie codificada por el FLAR como FLO4621 (F1), en Palmira, Colombia. Se sembró la semilla F1 (cosecha masal) para generar la F2 en la cual se realizó una cosecha utilizando el método de pedigrí (selección de plantas individuales). Se realizaron cuatro selecciones genealógicas más, hasta obtener la F5, a ésta última selección de forma masal, se le denominó FLO4621- 2P-1-3P-3P-M. Una vez introducida a México, se evaluó la F5 en dos ciclos: 2006 y 2009 con pruebas preliminares de rendimiento en el trópico seco, posteriormente se realizaron dos ensayos más en 2011 y 2012 en el trópico seco y húmedo. En 2013 se realizó la evaluación en un Ensayo Compacto de Rendimiento (ECR), se determinó la interacción genotipo x ambiente, y un estudio de parámetros de estabilidad bajo diferentes ambientes del trópico húmedo y trópico seco. Durante 2014 se realizó la validación a nivel nacional bajo riego y temporal en el trópico húmedo y seco; además se confirmó de la calidad molinera en el laboratorio de arroz del Campo Experimental Zacatepec, Morelos y se produjo semilla básica. Se realizaron seis años de evaluación, antes de comenzar el registro de la nueva variedad, la cual obtuvo un rendimiento promedio de 7.1 t ha-1 en 2013 y 2014, una tonelada por encima del testigo nacional El Silverio, variedad más tardía. El número de registro provisional ante el SNICS es el 3103-ARZ-017-230315/C.

Palabras clave: Oryza sativa L.; FLAR; siembra en riego; siembra en temporal

Introduction

In 2005, Mexico through the Mexican Rice Council, adheres to FLAR to provide rice germplasm, verging on the following aspects: providing germplasm of high purity to be evaluated in different parts of the country and select the best, adopt a system of high productivity and acquire specialized equipment for production systems in the country (CONAPAMEX, 2015). The increase in rice yields in Latin America and South America is attributed to a significant increase in biomass production and improvements in harvest index; in addition to the progress made in resistance to Pyricularia (Pyricularia oryzae) and virus white sheet; as well as creating a network that facilitates evaluation of germplasm testing genotypes in more than 130 locations from Mexico to Chile.

These results hold important advances in genetic improvement for irrigation conditions, through the Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR); for dry conditions and acid soils there CIAT-CIRAD program (Martinez et al., 1998.); and hybrid formation Consortium Hybrid Rice for Latin America (HIAAL) (Torres, 2015) was created. In Mexico, annually more than one million tons of imported grain thin rice is consumed.

Consumption of rice grain thin covers 75% and 25% coarse- grained, being the first by importing from ten years ago. Until 2011, it had not lean varieties of grain quality, yield more than 6 t ha-1 and 55% whole grain. By obtaining the variety of small grain Aztecas by the National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock (INIFAP) in 2011, a potential yield of 8 t was obtained ha-1 short straw with a height of 90-110 cm, 60% whole grain and excellent cooking quality (Aguirre, 2011).

In 2012, Mexico reached its lowest level surface with 32 710 ha, with domestic production of 178 787 t and per capita consumption of 6.2 kg (Torio, 2015). The surface had a rebound in 2014 with a production area of 41 078 ha, of which around 232 158 t harvested with average yield of 5.43 t ha-1 (SIAP, 2015). With the variety INIFLAR RT is to boost rice planting area of small grain, achieve better yields and reduce imports of rice grain thin, which is the type of grain mainly imported.

Origin

The line that gave rise to the variety INIFLAR RT, comes from a triple cross between the materials CT10825-1-2-1-3 x FEDEARRROZ 50 and later with FLO2066-4P1-1P-M, made by the FLAR at its headquarters at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture in Palmira, Colombia.

Selections in field: 

*The coding of lines generated in the Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR) in Colombia called as line F1 to the naked seed (without lemma and palea) from a cross, not the plant that is what we call or use in our country as F1.

Evaluations in Mexico

The FLO4621-2P line-1-3P-3P-M was introduced to Mexico through Nurseries Observing FLAR-VIOFLAR 2005, and was included in the Preliminary Performance Testing (PPR) in 2005, reevaluated in 2009 the dry tropics (two years). Since its introduction in Tabasco in 2007 as a member of nursery VF-2005 held good agronomic and productive behavior under irrigation and temporary, why was proposed for inclusion in the first national performance test which was established in 2011 in different rice-growing areas. On the plot of validation in 2007 their property was late and moisture conditions were unfavorable; however, he confirmed its acceptable response underrainfed conditions to yield 4.286 t ha-1 beating the variety Choca A05, temporalera variety.

Evaluation national yield trials (ENR) 2011 and 2012, humid tropics and dry tropics

In these evaluations new packages were detected and characterized rice genotypes thin long grain high yield potential, disease resistance and abiotic factors, with acceptable grain quality for inclusion in future studies and for escape as new varieties to join technology that will help improve the profitability of the crop. The national performance test (ENR) was established at five sites, three of irrigation: Tomatlan, Jalisco; Parácuaro, Michoacán; and Ebano, S. L. P. and two temporary: Tuxtepec, Oaxaca and Huimanguillo, Tabasco. The agronomic and laboratory variables were recorded. In the statistical analysis of the compact performance test (ECR), the genotype x environment and study of stability parameters under different environments of the humid tropics and dry tropics that characterize rice producing regions in Mexico in 2013. This trial interaction was determined it was formed with the elite lines nationwide expressed best behavior, was established in the states of Nayarit, Morelos, Michoacan, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Tabasco and Jalisco. Thus, the ECR-2013 was formed with three genotypes and three control varieties. The validation at national level under irrigation and temporary, humid tropics and dry tropics and confirmation of the industrial quality of grain in the laboratory Rice Field Experimental Zacatepec, Mor. was performed. Subsequently it sets for release as "INIFLAR RT" and foundation seed produced by the method of genealogical affiliation in the Experimental Zacatepec, Morelos (dry tropics) in 2014.

Variety description INIFLAR RT

Flowering: in the state of Michoacan under irrigation, flowering occurred at 108 days after planting and in the state of Tabasco, in time, flowering occurred 85 days. In general, the flowering season occurs early, stem length is short, with the absence of male sterility, the color of the stigma is white, the length of the major axis of the panicle is medium, has an average range of panicles per plant and with no edge, pubescence spikelet (slogan) is average and the color of the end is yellowish, carrying panicle is semi- erect and has secondary branch type 1, carrying branches are semi-erect and exception panicle is moderately excert (UPOV, 2004).

Maturity: days to physiological maturity of the variety INIFLAR RT occurred differently for environments evaluated. For the state of Tabasco, grain maturity occurred at 125 days after planting (dds) and the state of Michoacan, occurred at 140 dds. Compared the present variety Aztecas maturity to 151 days to cycle autumn-winter sowings and plantings 96 days P-V (Aguirre et al., 2013). According to the characterization of the material, the age of maturity is early and the time of senescence leaf is early, the color theme is light golden unadorned in it, there is an absence of pigmentation in the keel and the area low apex, the length of the glume is short and a straw color; the length, width and weight of one thousand grains is fully developed medium, palay thousand kernel weight is 26.2 g and 19.5 g in grinding grain. The length and width are cariópside media, the way is half fusiform (side view) and white (UPOV, 2004).

Characteristics of grain quality: the percentage of whole grains was different for each environment. In 2013, in the state of Morelos 56% was obtained for the state of San Luis Potosi 65%, 62% in Michoacan and in Ebano only 38% whole grain. A year later, the nationwide validation and confirmation of milling quality was performed, the results indicated a good quality, long-grain thin and translucent. The appearance of the grain is completely crystalline and slightly opaque. It presents a nonglutinous endosperm type, amylose content is greater than 30%, the alkaline digestion is completely digested and the caryopsis no aroma. The cooking and tasting test indicated that the grain is high quality agree to the parameters established for this type of rice.

Adaptation and performance: INIFLAR RT is a variety of early rice with high and stable yield potential under irrigation, both in the humid tropics and dry and moderate yield under rainfed conditions in the humid tropics; it is resistant to lodging and fungal diseases such as "tainted grain" burning rice (Pyricularia) complex. The results of the evaluation in the compact performance test (ECR) held in 2013 under different environments, shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Grain yield of the variety INIFLAR RT in different environments in 2013. 

Grain yield of the variety INIFLAR RT was highly variable in each test site. On average, the variety INIFLAR RT obtained a yield of 7.2 t ha-1 compared to the commercial variety which won the Silverio 6.8 t ha-1.

Despite the variability in grain yield of the variety INIFLAR RT, the average yield in 2014 remained the same as in the cycle 2013 with 7.1 t I ha-1 (Table 2), in some states did better yields in 2013 while for others it was during 2014.

Table 2 Grain yield of the variety INIFLAR RT in different environments in the spring-summer cycle, 2014. 

Variability in grain yield of the variety INIFLAR RT coincides with research by Orona (2013) from 2008 to 2011 in Campeche, where he conducted a comparative study with the aim of studying the adaptability and yield stability of 18 rice genotypes two thin grain producing regions, the results showed highly significant differences in grain yield of different genotypes in both regions. The knowledge of the behavior of new rice varieties in response to genotype by environment interactions, it is important for future breeding strategies as introduction of new materials rice (Amador et al., 2013).

Phytosanitary visual characteristics of the variety INIFLAR RT: with regard to plant behavior INIFLAR RT, resistant to burning or rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) comb. Nov. Barr. and the linear spot Cercospora oryzae (Miyake), and records moderate resistance to coffee stains (Helminthosporium oryzae) and complex grain discoloration (Table 3).

Table 3 Reaction to diseases of the variety INIFLAR RT measured visually in the years 2013 and 2014, in different localities evaluation. 

Conclusions

The rice variety INIFLAR RT is an early variety of small grain, with good stability and yield potential for rice producing areas for temporary irrigation and Mexico. It presents tolerance to diseases such as grain discoloration and burning of rice or rice blast. It is short straw, which provides greater resistance to lodging. Grain quality is acceptable because it has a high percentage of whole grains that benefits the industry in the process of grinding grain.

Literatura citada

Aguirre, A. E. 2011. Aztecas, nueva variedad de arroz para siembra directa bajo riego. Ficha tecnológica. INIFAP. Campo Experimental Las Huastecas. Altamira, Tamaulipas, México. 2 p. [ Links ]

Aguirre, A. E.; Wong, P. J. J.; Tavitas, F. L. y Bautista, P. C. E. 2013. Aztecas, variedad de arroz de grano largo delgado para el sur de Tamaulipas. Folleto técnico número 31. INIFAP. Campo Experimental Las Huastecas. Altamira, Tamaulipas. 21 p. [ Links ]

Amador, Z. C. H.; Durón, A. E.; Padilla, O. E. y Gutiérrez, R .G. 2013. Validación de tres variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), clearfield, en seis localidades de Honduras, 2012. In: memoria de la 58 Reunión anual PCCMCA- Honduras. 17 p. [ Links ]

CONAPAMEX. 2015. Consejo nacional de productores de arroz en México. http://conapamex.org.mx/. [ Links ]

Martínez, P. C.; Tohme, J.; López, J.; Borrero, J.; McCouch, S. R.; Roca, W.; Chatel, M. y Guimaräes, E. 1998. Estado actual del mejoramiento del arroz mediante la utilización de especies silvestres de arroz en el CIAT. Agron. Mesoam. 9(1):10-17. [ Links ]

Orona, C. F.; Medina, M. J.; Tucuch, C. F. M; Soto, R. S. M. y Almeyda, L. I. H. 2013. Parámetros de estabilidad en rendimiento y adaptabilidad de 25 genotipos de arroz en Campeche, México. Phyton. 82(2):255-261. [ Links ]

SIAP. 2015. Servicio de información agroalimentaria y pesquera. http://www.siap.sagarpa.gob.mx/. [ Links ]

Torio, L. B. 2015. Efectos de la apertura comercial de México en la producción de arroz. In: memoria de la XII Conferencia Internacional de Arroz para América Latina y el Caribe. Porto Alegre, Brasil. 53 p. [ Links ]

Torres, E. T. 2015. Contribuciones del mejoramiento genético a la competitividad del arroz: logros y perspectivas. In: memoria de la XII conferencia Internacional de Arroz para América Latina y el Caribe. Porto Alegre, Brasil. 20 p. [ Links ]

UPOV. 2004. Directrices para la ejecución del examen de la distinción, la homogeneidad y la estabilidad en arroz (Oryza sativa L.). Documento divulgativo TG/16/8. Ginebra, Suiza. http://www.upov.int/edocs/tgdocs/es/tg016.pdf. 47 p. [ Links ]

Received: March 2016; Accepted: June 2016

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