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Salud mental

versión impresa ISSN 0185-3325

Salud Ment vol.28 no.2 México mar./abr. 2005

 

Artículos originales

Suicidal behavior in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (M-NCS): Lifetime and 12- month prevalence, psychiatric factors and service utilization

Guilherme Borges1  3 

Holly C. Wilcox2 

Maria Elena Medina-Mora1 

Joaquín Zambrano1 

Jerónimo Blanco1 

Ellen Walters4 

1National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City.

2Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

3Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City.

4Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. USA.


Abstract:

Background:

Nationally representative data from México are presented on the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of the onset of suicide ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempt, as well as associated DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and service utilization.

Methods:

Data are from the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (M-NCS). This population survey was carried out in 2001-2003 in a sample of 5,782 respondents of 18 years and older. Onset of ideation, a plan, and suicide attempt, as well as psychiatric and service use correlates were estimated using survival analysis.

Results:

Of the respondents, 8.3% reported lifetime ideation, 3.2% reported a lifetime plan and 2.8% reported lifetime suicide attempt(s). The prevalence for 12-month suicidal behaviors was 2.3%, 1.0% and 0.6%, respectively. Suicidal behaviors were more prevalent in early adolescence and early adulthood and became less common after the mid-thirties, with the exception of suicidal ideation that continues into older ages. Having met criteria for one or more of the DSM-IV disorders assessed in the survey was common among suicide ideators (60.9%), planners (75.6%) and attempters (74.6%), and was a strong risk factor for suicidal behaviors, with odds ratios of 4.8 for ideation, 10.2 for plan and 9.6 for attempt. Approximately one of every four lifetime attempters reported to have ever seen a psychiatrist.

Conclusions:

As in many other countries, mental disorders have an important impact on suicidal behaviors in Mexico. Intervention efforts aimed at identifying and treating persons at or before the onset of suicidal ideation is strongly recommended.

Key words: Suicide; suicide attempt; risk factors; epidemiology; survey; psychiatric disorder

Resumen:

Antecedentes:

Se documentan datos representativos a nivel nacional en México sobre las prevalencias para inicio de ideación, plan e intento suicidas, así como trastornos psiquiátricos (de acuerdo con el DSM-IV) y uso de servicios asociados a estos comportamientos suicidas.

Métodos:

Los datos fueron tomados de la Encuesta Nacional de Epidemiología Psiquiátrica de México (ENEP). La población fue tomada de una muestra de 5,782 entrevistados de 18 o más años de edad, durante el periodo 2001-2003. Se estimaron inicios para ideación, plan e intento suicida, así como factores psiquiátricos y de uso de servicios mediante el análisis de supervivencia.

Resultados:

De los entrevistados, el comportamiento suicida alguna vez en la vida fue como sigue: el 8.3% reportó haber tenido ideación, el 3.2% reportó haber tenido un plan y el 2.8% reportó haber tenido intento(s) suicida(s). La prevalencia para los comportamientos suicidas los 12 meses previos a la entrevista fue de 2.3%, 1.0% y 0.6%, respectivamente. Dichos comportamientos prevalecieron en la adolescencia y adultez temprana y fueron menos comunes después de los 35 años de edad, con excepción de la ideación suicida que se mantuvo presente en edades más avanzadas. El presentar uno o más trastornos, evaluados en la encuesta de acuerdo con el DSM-IV, fue común entre las personas con ideación (60.9%), plan (75.6%) e intento (74.6%) suicidas y se encontró que este hecho es un factor de riesgo fuerte para el comportamiento suicida, incrementando en 4.8 veces el riesgo para ideación, 10.2 para plan y 9.6 para intento. Aproximadamente una de cada cuatro personas con intento suicida reportó haber consultado alguna vez un psiquiatra.

Conclusiones:

Como en muchos otros países, en México los trastornos mentales tienen un impacto importante en los comportamientos suicidas. Se recomiendan ampliamente los esfuerzos de intervención enfocados a la identificación y al tratamiento de personas antes o durante el inicio de la ideación suicida.

Palabras clave: Suicidio; intento de suicidio; factor de riesgo; encuesta; epidemiología; trastornos psiquiátricos

Full text available only in PDF format

Acknowledgments

The Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (M-NCS) is supported by The National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente (INPRFM-DIES 4280) and by the National Council on Science and Technology (CONACyT-G30544-H) , with supplemental support from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Collaborating M-NCS investigators included María-Elena Medina-Mora (Principal Investigator), Guilherme Borges, and Carmen Lara, all from The Mexican Institute of Psychiatry and the Metropolitan Autonomous University (Guilherme Borges). M-NCS are carried out in conjunction with the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. We thank the staff of the WMH Data Collection and Data Analysis Coordination Centres for assistance with instrumentation, fieldwork, and consultation on data analysis.

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Received: February 07, 2005; Accepted: March 22, 2005

Address comments to: Guilherme Borges. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria, Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco No 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico D.F. México. Tel: (52 55) 5573-11-78; fax (52 55) 5513-3446, e-mail:guibor@imp.edu.mx.

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