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Investigación económica
versión impresa ISSN 0185-1667
Inv. Econ vol.59 no.227 Ciudad de México ene./mar. 1999
Artículos
Daños a la salud por la contaminación del aire en la ciudad de México, y una propuesta para promover el auto eléctrico
Health impacts from air contamination in Mexico City, and a proposal to promote electric cars
*Investigador del Jardín Botánico del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), apartado postal 70-614, delegación Coyoacán, México D. F., 04510, México. Correo electrónico: mricker@servidor.unam.mx
**Jefe de Investigación Clínica y Medicina Interna, Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, colonia Doctores, México D. F., 06720, México.
***Médico Internista del Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, colonia Doctores, México D. F., 06720, México.
****Profesora de la Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, UNAM, apartado postal 70-318, delegación Coyoacán, México D. F., 04510, México.
*****Técnico Académico, Sección de Contaminación Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F., 04510, México.
El aire en la Ciudad de México se encuentra altamente contaminado con gases (especialmente ozono) y partículas. En 1994, el promedio de todos los contaminantes emitidos era alrededor de 7.3 toneladas/día/km2 . Los altos niveles de contaminación del aire pueden Ilevar a la muerte prematura a personas susceptibles, causan alteraciones en una gran parte de las personas expuestas, y claramente disminuyen la calidad de Vida. Se han discutido efectos adversos en la salud de los niños y el posible aumento de la tasa de cáncer. En 1994, 75% de la cantidad total de contaminantes en la Ciudad de México fue emitido por el transporte. Consecuentemente, proponemos y ejemplificamos la introducción de un sistema de impuestos y subsidios inductivos para favorecer la compra de autos eléctricos de emisión "cero", y para desincentivar la compra de autos de gasolina. En este sistema, el gobierno no ganaría impuestos adicionales; mientras corregiría de manera eficiente la falla del mercado libre de no proporcionar el valor no-comercial "aire limpio".
Mexico City's air is highly contaminated by a mixture of gases (especially ozone) and particles. In 1994, the average of all emitted contaminants was about 7.3 tons/day/km2 . The high levels of air contamination can lead to the premature death of people, while causing alterations in a large portion of the exposed people and clearly lowering the quality of life. Adverse effects in the health of children and an increase of the cancer rate have been discussed. In 1994, traffic was responsible for 75% of the emitted pollutants in Mexico City. Consequently we propose and exemplify the introduction of an inductive tax and subsidy system to favor the purchase of electric cars with zero emission, while discouraging the purchase of gasoline cars. In this system, the government would not earn additional taxes, while correcting efficiently the market failure of not providing the non-market good "clean air".
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Recibido: Septiembre de 1997; Aprobado: Noviembre de 1998
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
