Resumen

CRUZ BELTRAN, José Eduardo. Free Textbooks and the adversaries of Mexican History: A double Controversy 1960-2023. Debates hist. [online]. 2025, vol.13, n.2, pp.159-192.  Epub 20-Oct-2025. ISSN 2594-2956.  https://doi.org/10.54167/debates-por-la-historia.v13i2.1858.

The present work is a discourse analysis around the characters described pejoratively as villains in Mexican history. It starts by distinguishing the ideological rhetoric present in the criticism of textbooks as well as in the narrative portrayed in these materials in which it is assumed there is deliberate manipulation or falsehood. In turn these assumptions have led to constant debate around textbooks and its contents. By revising the different generations of textbooks over 60 years, there is evidence found that the vision portrayed of a history of good vs the bad men at the beginning of this century has made difficult both a deep understanding of the textbooks’ contents and an elimination of the prejudice around these figures. The results show that the Manichaean discourse attributed to them is not necessarily found in the textbooks, although it does not entirely abandon the idea of national unity through historical knowledge.

Palabras llave : Nation-building; history teaching or History education; political history; ideology; textbooks.

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