Resumen

OCHOA-FLORES, Angélica Alejandra et al. Factors influencing the yield of Pimenta dioica L. essential oil during hydrodistillation. Ecosistemas y recur. agropecuarios [online]. 2025, vol.12, n.3, e4348.  Epub 05-Dic-2025. ISSN 2007-901X.  https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a12n3.4348.

Essential oils (EO) derived from different plants, such as Pimenta dioica L., are obtained by hydrodistillation, are highly valued internationally, and require the study of the factors that determine their performance and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heating intensity and water/solids (W/S) ratio on the extraction rate and yield of EO obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh leaves of P. dioica L. Fresh leaves were cut into squares of approximately 1 cm2 and, together with 500 ml of water, subjected to a hydrodistillation process for 6 hours. A 3X2 factorial design with three replications was considered to define the treatments. The factors studied were A/S at three levels (2, 6, and 10) and heating intensity at two levels (105° and 120 °C). Condensate samples were collected and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction with petroleum ether, combining the ether phases, removing water residues, and evaporating the solvent. The AE obtained for each sample was estimated gravimetrically. The results indicated that the water/solids (W/S) ratio, the heating intensity, as well as their interaction, have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the extraction rate and the final accumulated yield. The conditions of 120 °C and W/S ratios of 2 and 6 were those that generated the highest extraction rate (K = 69.68 ± 11.58 min and 55.48 ± 3.59 min, respectively), as well as the highest yield (737.98 ± 61.5 mg 100 g-1 and 719.99 ± 45.06 mg 100 g-1).

Palabras llave : Tabasco pepper; Pimenta dioica; water/solids ratio; heating intensity; essential oil.

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