Background:

Guadua aff. angustifolia Biotype 1 is a species cultivated in the Northwestern region and with wild populations in the Northeastern region of Peru. A recent phylogenetic analysis using nuclear molecular markers (SNPs) found that G. takahashiae is the sister species to G. aff. angustifolia Biotype 1. Morphologically, this species is similar to G. angustifolia, G. lynnclarkiae, and G. takahashiae, but possess characters that distinguish it from them.

Question:

Do the populations known as G. aff. angustifolia Biotype 1 represent a new species?

Study species:

Guadua, Guadua paucarii.

Study site and years:

Northeastern and Northwestern regions, Peru, May 2010 and June 2024.

Methods:

We conducted field observations and collected herbarium specimens, measured vegetative and reproductive morphological characters, and assessed conservation status.

Results:

Individuals and populations of Guadua aff. angustifolia Biotype 1 were differentiated from G. angustifolia, G. lynnclarkiae, and G. takahashiae by having a smaller stature, slightly wider supranodal bands, thinner culm walls, and more spines per node. Based on the aforementioned characters, we describe Guadua paucarii as a new species and propose the hypothesis that this species should be categorized as Endangered.

Conclusions:

Guadua paucarii is a new, endangered species, endemic to Peru and morphological and genetically distinct from its congeners.

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