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Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México
Print version ISSN 1665-1146
Abstract
RODRIGUEZ-MUNOZ, Lorena et al. Invasive infections by non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae: a growing threat. Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex. [online]. 2019, vol.76, n.6, pp.281-286. Epub Mar 13, 2020. ISSN 1665-1146. https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.19000046.
Background:
In Mexico, 70.6% of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease were covered since the application of the PCV13 vaccine in children under 5 years of age. After several years of immunization, cases of disease caused by the serotypes included in the vaccine have decreased. However, a replacement due to serotypes not included in the vaccine has been observed.
Case report:
Three cases of pediatric patients who developed invasive disease due to serotypes not included in PCV13 are described: one with meningitis and bacteremia (serotype 15C), and two with pneumonia, of which one complicated with effusion (serotype 35B). Patients were treated in a pediatric hospital in Saltillo, Coahuila, from 2015 to 2018.
Conclusions:
Three serious cases due to serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae not included in PCV13 were reported in a single pediatric hospital in a northern state of Mexico. This phenomenon is taking place nationwide and worldwide: an increase of cases of invasive disease due to pneumococcal serotypes not included in the vaccine currently used.
Keywords : Streptococcus pneumoniae; Serotype replacement; Conjugate vaccines; Meningitis; Complicated pneumonia.