Resumen

SILVA-GONZALEZ, Edgar et al. Diversity and structure of tree species in three types of forest vegetation south of Durango, Mexico. Polibotánica [online]. 2024, n.58, pp.103-118.  Epub 22-Oct-2024. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.58.7.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the diversity, horizontal structure and vertical structure of tree species in three types of forest vegetation in the Adolfo Ruiz Cortines ejido in the south of the state of Durango, Mexico. The data analyzed corresponds to 665 circular sites of 0.1 ha; 56 sites correspond to pine forests (BP), 511 to pine oak forests (BPQ) and 98 to pine oak forests (BQP). For each site, the name of the species, the normal diameter (>7.5 cm) and the total height (m) of the trees were recorded. For the tree species in each type of vegetation, their diversity was determined using the Shannon index, their dominance with the Simpson index and their specific richness using the Margalef index. Subsequently, a test of over similarity or difference in the diversity-abundance Hutchenson's t was carried out to compare the diversity of species between the vegetation types using the Shannon index, to know if there are significant statistical differences between the diversity of species of the types of vegetation. To know the horizontal structure, the importance value index (IVI) was obtained, which is a hierarchical index that measures the dominance of the species through percentage values, which are obtained with the abundance Ai, dominance Di and frequency Fi of the species. species, these ecological parameters were analyzed with the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test to determine if there are significant statistical differences. The vertical structure was determined with the species vertical distribution index A. Hutchenson's t test demonstrated that there are significant statistical differences in the tree diversity of the forest types. According to the horizontal structure, only the absolute frequencies recorded significant statistical changes between the three vegetation types (BP-BPQ-BQP). The values of the vertical index of species A indicated that for the three types of vegetation there is a non-uniform plant community in terms of height, presenting a greater number of individuals in the lower stratum, followed by the middle stratum, to finally have a smaller amount in the higher altitude stratum. The information generated in this research provides a frame of reference on how the tree structure is formed in the vegetation types of the ejido, as well as the basis for future decision-making on forest management plans.

Palabras llave : vertical distribution; dominance; tree species; species richness; importance value.

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