Resumen

ANTONIO-VAZQUEZ, Dana; TORRES-DIAZ, Alin Nadyely; LEDESMA-CORRAL, Canek  y  GOMEZ-ROA, Karen M.. Flora and structure: guides for oak forest restoration in the State of Mexico. Madera bosques [online]. 2025, vol.31, e312707.  Epub 11-Ago-2025. ISSN 2448-7597.  https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2025.312707.

The loss of temperate forests in central Mexico has made restoration and monitoring efforts essential. This study evaluated the floristic and structural attributes of reference systems (oak forest and its secondary vegetation) and a four-year-old reforestation site in the metropolitan area of the State of Mexico, northwest of Mexico City. The goal was to compare these systems and identify key attributes to guide restoration strategies. Sampling units were established to collect plant data and measure structural variables. Indicators such as distribution, origin, and synanthropy were analyzed, and the sampling units were classified by similarity. Species richness, importance values by stratum, structural estimators, and the Simpson diversity index were also calculated. Three reference systems were identified: oak forest (BQ), secondary shrub vegetation (VSC), and herbaceous vegetation (VSH). BQ had the highest species richness (70 species), with a low percentage of synanthropic species and over 50% endemism, making it a strong reference system. The reforested areas (RF) were grouped into four clusters, totaling 117 species. RF1 and RF3 showed tree densities similar to BQ, while the other sites require tree replacement and strategies to improve survival. Tree and shrub diversity was lower in the reforested sites, highlighting the need for enrichment. The presence of non-native species underscores the importance of monitoring to prevent invasions. The attributes assessed in this study serve as key tools for guiding restoration efforts aimed at recovering biodiversity and structural complexity.

Palabras llave : temperate forests; diversity; indicators; reforestation; temperate forest succession; importance value.

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