Resumo

MUNOZ-DE LA CRUZ, Karina María; VALENCIA-LUNA, Gloria Anaí; PEREZ-ARMENDARIZ, Beatriz  e  ORTEGA-MARTINEZ, Luis Daniel. Tagetes erecta and Azotobacter vinelandii immobilized for bioremediation of diesel in agricultural soils. Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient [online]. 2024, vol.40, 54904.  Epub 17-Mar-2025. ISSN 0188-4999.  https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54904.

The growing energy demand for oil and its derivatives has caused a high incidence of environmental events that negatively affect agroecosystems, so the study of biotechnological tools allows the reduction in agrochemicals, and the decontamination of the soil has been increasing. This research aimed to bioremediate agricultural soil contaminated with diesel using phytoremediation treatments with Tagetes erecta and bioaugmentation with free and immobilized Azotobacter vinelandii under greenhouse conditions. The bioremediation test lasted 50 days; subsequently, the heterotrophic microbial populations in colony-forming units (CFU/g) were quantified by serial dilution, plate count, and the residual concentration of hydrocarbons (mg/kg) by gravimetry. Finally, a genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assay using Allium sativum cells was performed. Bioremediation showed significant removal in all treatments with T. erecta, achieving removal percentages between 31.92 and 55.96 %. On the other hand, the association of T. erecta and free A. vinelandii presented the highest increase in total heterotrophic microorganisms with 3.83 × 1010 UFC/g in soil (p = 0.00). Similarly, the morphological parameters of Tagetes erecta were evaluated using the Dickson Quality Index, revealing an optimal value for treatments with plants without alginate beads (p = 0.02). However, a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect was observed in all treatments (Mitotic index ≤ 50 %, χ2 ≥ 3.84, respectively), pointing out the importance of toxicity studies in bioremediation tests.

Palavras-chave : agricultural soils; phytoremediation; bioaugmentation; cytotoxicity; genotoxicity.

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