Abstract

GALLEGOS-VENEGAS, Omar Ricardo; G. LOPEZ-PERALTA, Ma. Cristina; HERNANDEZ-MENESES, Eleodoro  and  CRUZ-HUERTA, Nicacio. In vitro Morphogenesis of Stanhopea maculosa, Stanhopea martiana and Stanhopea tigrina by direct Organogenesis. Rev. fitotec. mex [online]. 2026, vol.49, n.1, pp.91-99.  Epub June 02, 2026. ISSN 0187-7380.  https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2026.1.91.

Stanhopea is a genus of orchids with 55 species exclusive to the Americas, with Mexico ranking as the second most diverse country. Some species are threatened as their floral dimension, shape and aroma maintain constant interest in collecting them. The study on their conservation and propagation can be achieved using in vitro culture techniques. This research evaluated the in vitro morphogenic capacity of Stanhopea maculosa, S. martiana and S. tigrina by direct organogenesis. Seeds from closed, disinfected capsules were germinated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium 50 %. At shoot induction, rootless seedlings were cultured in MS 50 and 100 % with 6-benzyladenine (BA, 11.36-22.72 µM), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 1.39 µM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.39 µM). Shoot multiplication was achieved in MS 50 % with BA (10.04-28.40 µM), NAA (1.39 µM) and 2,4-D (1.39 µM). For shoot elongation, shoots were placed in MS 50 and 100 %, activated charcoal (AC, 0.5 mg L-1) and gibberellic acid (GA₃, 1.4-5.6 µM). For in vitro rooting, shoots were placed in MS 50 % with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 2.46-10.0 µM), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 2.46-10.0 µM) and NAA (2.46-10.0 µM). At the induction, 2.16 shoots were obtained in S. maculosa cultured in MS 100 % with 11.36 µM BA and 1.36 µM NAA, 2.50 shoots in S. martiana, and 2.83 shoots in S. tigrina with MS 50 % with 22.72 µM BA and 1.36 µM NAA. In shoot multiplication, S. maculosa produced 2.6 shoots and S. martiana 5.0 shoots, both in MS 50 % with 22.72 µM BA and 1.36 µM 2,4-D, and S. tigrina 5.0 shoots in MS 50 % with 11.36 µM BA. In shoot elongation S. maculosa reached 1.33 cm in MS 50 % with 4.2 µM GA₃, while S. martiana and S. tigrina obtained a length of 2.82 and 2.42 cm, respectively, in MS 50 % medium. In vitro rooting produced 3.95 roots in S. maculosa with 10.0 µM IBA, 5.25 roots in S. martiana with 2.46 µM IBA, and 8.75 roots in S. tigrina with 4.96 µM IBA. These research provides the basis for in vitro propagation of the genus Stanhopea.

Keywords : Stanhopea maculosa; S. martiana; S. tigrina; in vitro culture; organogenesis.

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