Resumo

JACOBO, Mónica. Spanish vs. English, American or Mexican?: migration, language and identity in young returnees in Mexico. Estud. front [online]. 2026, vol.27, e0181.  Epub 08-Jun-2026. ISSN 2395-9134.  https://doi.org/10.21670/ref.2603181.

This article examines the relationship between age at emigration, age at return, linguistic proficiency and identity among Mexican migrants returning from the United States. The study focuses on Veracruz and Puebla (2019-2021) and employs an exploratory quantitative design based on surveys of 26 university students from different migratory cohorts. The findings suggest that early emigration is associated with greater English proficiency without necessarily undermining Spanish, whereas later emigration and early return tend to promote stronger use of Spanish. Additionally, emigrating during adolescence is linked to the development of hybrid identities, although no clear association is found with age at return. The study’s contribution lies in integrating a longitudinal perspective on migration trajectories, connecting timing of emigration and return with language proficiency and identity formation. However, the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings beyond the population studied.

Palavras-chave : return migration; generational cohort; linguistic proficiency; identity; age of return.

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